Ethylene signaling induces gelatinous layers with typical features of tension wood in hybrid aspen

Felten, Judith; Vahala, Jorma; Love, Jonathan; Gorzsás, András; Rüggeberg, Markus; Delhomme, Nicolas; Leśniewska, Joanna; Kangasjärvi, Jaakko; Hvidsten, Torgeir R.; Mellerowicz, Ewa J.; Sundberg, Björn

doi:10.1111/nph.15078

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Finally, the tension wood of hardwoods appears to be particularly suitable for saccharification ( Brereton et al, 2012 ; Sawada et al, 2018 ). Progress in identification of pathways involved in the induction of tension wood ( Felten et al, 2018 ) will make it possible to design strategies to stimulate tension wood formation in normal growth conditions for dedicated biorefinery feedstocks.…”

Section: Future Prospects For Improving Non-cellulosic Polysaccharidementioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Non-cellulosic Polysaccharides of Wood for the Biorefinery

et al. 2018

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Non-cellulosic polysaccharides constitute approximately one third of usable woody biomass for human exploitation. In contrast to cellulose, these substances are composed of several different types of unit monosaccharides and their backbones are substituted by various groups. Their structural diversity and recent examples of their modification in transgenic plants and mutants suggest they can be targeted for improving wood-processing properties, thereby facilitating conversion of wood in a biorefinery setting. Critical knowledge on their structure-function relationship is slowly emerging, although our understanding of molecular interactions responsible for observed phenomena is still incomplete. This review: (1) provides an overview of structural features of major non-cellulosic polysaccharides of wood, (2) describes the fate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides during biorefinery processing, (3) shows how the non-cellulosic polysaccharides impact lignocellulose processing focused on yields of either sugars or polymers, and (4) discusses outlooks for the improvement of tree species for biorefinery by modifying the structure of non-cellulosic polysaccharides.

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Section: Future Prospects For Improving Non-cellulosic Polysaccharidementioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Non-cellulosic Polysaccharides of Wood for the Biorefinery

et al. 2018

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“…In aspen, the plant hormone ethylene (ET) has been demonstrated to influence many of the features that characterize TW formation (Love et al, 2009; Felten et al, 2018). Indeed, after stem displacement, ET biosynthesis increases on the TW side in parallel with an asymmetric induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), which converts the ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ET (Andersson-Gunnerås et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Signaling Is Required for Fully Functional Tension Wood in Hybrid Aspen

et al. 2019

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Tension wood (TW) in hybrid aspen trees forms on the upper side of displaced stems to generate a strain that leads to uplifting of the stem. TW is characterized by increased cambial growth, reduced vessel frequency and diameter, and the presence of gelatinous, cellulose-rich (G-)fibers with its microfibrils oriented parallel to the fiber cell axis. Knowledge remains limited about the molecular regulators required for the development of this special xylem tissue with its characteristic morphological, anatomical, and chemical features. In this study, we use transgenic, ethylene-insensitive (ETI) hybrid aspen trees together with time-lapse imaging to show that functional ethylene signaling is required for full uplifting of inclined stems. X-ray diffraction and Raman microspectroscopy of TW in ETI trees indicate that, although G-fibers form, the cellulose microfibril angle in the G-fiber S-layer is decreased, and the chemical composition of S- and G-layers is altered than in wild-type TW. The characteristic asymmetric growth and reduction of vessel density is suppressed during TW formation in ETI trees. A genome-wide transcriptome profiling reveals ethylene-dependent genes in TW, related to cell division, cell wall composition, vessel differentiation, microtubule orientation, and hormone crosstalk. Our results demonstrate that ethylene regulates transcriptional responses related to the amount of G-fiber formation and their properties (chemistry and cellulose microfibril angle) during TW formation. The quantitative and qualitative changes in G-fibers are likely to contribute to uplifting of stems that are displaced from their original position.

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“…The process is regulated not only by endogenous factors such as sugars and plant hormones ( Björklund et al, 2007 ; Brackmann et al, 2018 ; Sorce et al, 2013 ), but also by environmental stimuli ( Begum et al, 2013 ; Moyle et al, 2002 ). For example, reaction wood, a special wood made of specialized xylem cells, is induced by gravistimulation and is associated with complicated transcriptional and hormonal regulation ( Felten et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2017 ; Groover, 2016 ; Gerttula et al, 2015 ). The formation and properties of reaction wood in gymnosperm differ from those in angiosperm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-Seq analysis of differential gene expression inBetula luminiferaxylem during the early stages of tension wood formation

Cai

Huang

et al. 2018

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Background Betula luminifera H. Winkler, which is widely distributed in southern China, is an economically important broadleaf tree species. However, little genomic information of B. luminifera is available, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms of wood formation in this species. Meanwhile, few efforts have focused on investigating the early transcriptional changes during tension wood formation in woody plants.ResultsA reference transcriptome dataset was first generated containing 45,700 Unigenes, and 35,135 (76.9%) Unigenes were annotated by a BLAST similarity search against four public databases. Then, based on an anatomical investigation, the global gene expression changes during the early stages of tension wood formation were analyzed. Gene expression profiling showed that a total of 13,273 Unigenes were differentially regulated during the early stages of tension wood formation. Most genes involved in cellulose and lignin biosynthesis were highlighted to reveal their biological importance in tension wood formation. In addition, the transcription levels of many genes involved in the auxin response pathway were significantly changed during the early stages of tension wood formation. Furthermore, 18 TFs co-expressed with key enzymes of cellulose synthesis were identified.ConclusionsOur results revealed the transcriptional changes associated with TW formation and identified potential key genes in the regulation of this process. These results will help to dissect the molecular mechanism of wood formation and provide key candidate genes for marker-assisted selection in B. luminifera.

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Ethylene signaling induces gelatinous layers with typical features of tension wood in hybrid aspen

Cited by 41 publications

References 82 publications

Engineering Non-cellulosic Polysaccharides of Wood for the Biorefinery

Engineering Non-cellulosic Polysaccharides of Wood for the Biorefinery

Ethylene Signaling Is Required for Fully Functional Tension Wood in Hybrid Aspen

RNA-Seq analysis of differential gene expression inBetula luminiferaxylem during the early stages of tension wood formation

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