Ethylene seems required for the berry development and ripening in grape, a non-climacteric fruit

Chervin, Christian; El-Kereamy, Ashraf; Roustan, Jean‐Paul; Latché, Alain; Lamon, Julien; Bouzayen, Mondher

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.06.026

Cited by 316 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similarly, BRs are known to affect ethylene synthesis in some plant systems (Yi et al, 1999), and as such it will be important to investigate the relationship between the observed increase in BRs at the onset of ripening and the recently reported transient increase in endogenous ethylene levels prior to véraison (Chervin et al, 2004). Both ethylene and sugars, which increase during ripening, may play roles in the control of gene expression and, hence, grape berry development (Cakir et al, 2003;Chervin et al, 2004).…”

Section: Brs Influence the Onset Of Ripening In Grape Berriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By definition there is no major peak in ethylene levels or respiration during ripening of nonclimacteric fruit (Seymour et al, 1993), and early data showing only modest changes in ethylene levels at the onset of ripening in grapes formed the basis for its classification as a nonclimacteric species (Coombe and Hale, 1973). However, recent evidence of a transient increase in endogenous ethylene levels prior to véraison suggests that ethylene may play some role during grape berry development (Chervin et al, 2004).…”

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Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

et al. 2005

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Fruit ripening is a unique plant developmental process with direct implications for our food supply, nutrition, and health. In contrast to climacteric fruit, where ethylene is pivotal, the hormonal control of ripening in nonclimacteric fruit, such as grape (Vitis vinifera), is poorly understood. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal hormones, essential for normal plant growth and development but not previously implicated in the ripening of nonclimacteric fruit. Here we show that increases in endogenous BR levels, but not indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or GA levels, are associated with ripening in grapes. Putative grape homologs of genes encoding BR biosynthesis enzymes (BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE and DWARF1) and the BR receptor (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1) were isolated, and the function of the grape BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE gene was confirmed by transgenic complementation of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) extreme dwarf (d x /d x ) mutant. Expression analysis of these genes during berry development revealed transcript accumulation patterns that were consistent with a dramatic increase in endogenous BR levels observed at the onset of fruit ripening. Furthermore, we show that application of BRs to grape berries significantly promoted ripening, while brassinazole, an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, significantly delayed fruit ripening. These results provide evidence that changes in endogenous BR levels influence this key developmental process. This may provide a significant insight into the mechanism controlling ripening in grapes, which has direct implications for the logistics of grape production and down-stream processing.

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Section: Brs Influence the Onset Of Ripening In Grape Berriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

et al. 2005

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“…By contrast, nonclimacteric fruit, such as grape and strawberry (Fragaria spp. ), do not exhibit a sharp peak in respiration, although a rise in ethylene is sometimes observed (Chervin et al, 2004). In these fruit, abscisic acid (ABA) is now considered a central regulator of ripening.…”

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Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiling of Developing Highbush Blueberry Fruit Indicates Transcriptional Regulation of Flavonoid Metabolism and Activation of Abscisic Acid Metabolism

Zifkin

Jin²,

Ozga³

et al. 2011

Plant Physiology

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Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) fruits contain substantial quantities of flavonoids, which are implicated in a wide range of health benefits. Although the flavonoid constituents of ripe blueberries are known, the molecular genetics underlying their biosynthesis, localization, and changes that occur during development have not been investigated. Two expressed sequence tag libraries from ripening blueberry fruit were constructed as a resource for gene identification and quantitative realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction primer design. Gene expression profiling by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that flavonoid biosynthetic transcript abundance followed a tightly regulated biphasic pattern, and transcript profiles were consistent with the abundance of the three major classes of flavonoids. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) and corresponding biosynthetic transcripts encoding anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase were most concentrated in young fruit and localized predominantly to the inner fruit tissue containing the seeds and placentae. Mean PA polymer length was seven to 8.5 subunits, linked predominantly via B-type linkages, and was relatively constant throughout development. Flavonol accumulation and localization patterns were similar to those of the PAs, and the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of both was correlated with flavonoid-3#-hydroxylase transcript abundance. By contrast, anthocyanins accumulated late in maturation, which coincided with a peak in flavonoid-3-O-glycosyltransferase and flavonoid-3#5#-hydroxylase transcripts. Transcripts of VcMYBPA1, which likely encodes an R2R3-MYB transcriptional regulator of PA synthesis, were prominent in both phases of development. Furthermore, the initiation of ripening was accompanied by a substantial rise in abscisic acid, a growth regulator that may be an important component of the ripening process and contribute to the regulation of blueberry flavonoid biosynthesis.Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum; Ericaceae) is one of the most economically important fruit crops in North America. Blueberry fruit have been the focus of much recent attention due to numerous reports of their positive effects on human health. These benefits are generally attributed to high levels of polyphenolics, in particular the flavonoids (Rasmussen et al., 2005). Highbush blueberries have one of the highest in vitro antioxidant capacities of any fruit or vegetable (Prior and Gu, 2005;Wu et al., 2006). The major health benefits linked to the consumption of blueberries include a reduced risk for cardiovascular (Basu et al., 2010) and neurodegenerative (Neto, 2007) diseases. Furthermore, experiments on rodents suggest that blueberry extracts may also prevent cancer, slow tumor growth, and reverse cognitive and behavioral deficits related to stroke and aging (Lau et al., 2005;Gordillo et al., 2009).The three common types of flavonoids that accumulate in blueberry fruit are the flavonols, anthocya-

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“…The classification of grapes as non-climacteric fruit was mainly due to a set of data showing only weak changes in endogenous ethylene levels around veraison, a development stage at which grape berries start to lose their acidity and to redden, in the case of red cultivars, among other biochemical changes [6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene pre-harvest application in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ produced in the region of “Dom Pedrito” – RS

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Thus this work was to evaluate the use of ethylene application in pre-harvest grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar. Applying ethylene by spraying with ethylene solution in different periods with the following treatments; (T1) without application of ethylene; (T2) 10 ppm of ethylene in the fruit only on the day of collection; (T3) two applications of 10 ppm ethylene (one day before harvest and once on the day of harvest) and; (T4) three applications of 10 ppm ethylene (two days prior to harvest, one day prior to harvest and the other on the day of harvest). For each treatment were made four replications in the field, with 07 plants each. The physicochemical analyses in must and wine as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), expressed acidity malic acid, expressed as acid into lactic acid, total acid and ethanol were made by infrared spectrometry Fourier transform ( FTIR). There were significant differences between treatments in physical and chemical composition of must and wine. These preliminary results suggest that ethylene pre-harvest application modify somehow the malic acid content, modifying the total acidity and pH of the must and wine in Cabernet Sauvignon, promoting a slight modification in the TSS and thus in ethanol.

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Ethylene seems required for the berry development and ripening in grape, a non-climacteric fruit

Cited by 316 publications

References 19 publications

Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

Grapes on Steroids. Brassinosteroids Are Involved in Grape Berry Ripening

Gene Expression and Metabolite Profiling of Developing Highbush Blueberry Fruit Indicates Transcriptional Regulation of Flavonoid Metabolism and Activation of Abscisic Acid Metabolism

Ethylene pre-harvest application in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ produced in the region of “Dom Pedrito” – RS

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