Ethylene Production from Propanal

Baur, A. H.; Yang, Shang Fa

doi:10.1104/pp.44.2.189

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The rate of ethylene production increased linearly after this lag from 2.7 ± 0.3 nl g-' hr-' to the first maximum of 11.3 ± 1.8 nl g-' hr-' at 56 ± 2.1 min. The rate then decreased to a minimum of 4.9 ± 0.9 nl g-' hr-' at 90 ± 2.7 min, increased to a reduced second maximum of 8.4 ± 1.7 nl g-' hr-' at 1.31 ± 4.9 min, and then declined over a period of about 100 min to a production rate of about 4 cantly affect the timing or rate of wound ethylene synthesis. The characteristic pattern must therefore be the result of increased ethylene synthesis and not merely the result of facilitated diffusion of ethylene already present in the tissue through the newly exposed cut surfaces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rapidly Induced Wound Ethylene from Excised Segments of Etiolated Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska

Saltveit¹,

Dilley²

1978

Plant Physiol.

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A rapidly induced, transitory increase in the rate of ethylene synthesis occurred in wounded tissue excised from actively growing regions of etiolated barley, cucumber, maize, oat, pea, tomato, and wheat seedlings.Cutting intact stems or excising 9-mm segments of tissue from near the apex of 7-day-old etiolated Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska seedlings induced a remarkably consistent pattern of ethylene production. At Ethylene production increases in a wide variety of plant tissues subjected to stress induced by noxious chemicals (2), pathogenic organisms (19), ionizing radiation (1), water imbalance (23), or mechanical injury (16). Abeles (3) has reviewed stress ethylene production. Stress-induced increases in ethylene production occur minutes (8,10,12,17,24), hours (6,9,11,14,18), or days (7, 16,21,22) after presentation of the stress. Appropriate controls are necessary to ascertain whether rapid increases in the rate of ethylene evolution result from facilitated diffusion of endogenous ethylene through the newly exposed cut surfaces, or from induced synthesis. Burg and Thimann (5) showed that in sliced apples the initial surge in ethylene and CO2 evolution was the result of endogenous levels of these gases. Increased evolution of ethylene after a lag period suggested induced synthesis. This is supported by studies with inhibitors which established that protein synthesis is required during the long lag period preceding stress ethylene synthesis (2, 6).Little work has been reported on the kinetics of rapidly induced ethylene production from stressed tissue (10,11 presents a detailed kinetic study of ethylene production from mechanically injured tissue during the first 4 hr after excision. MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparation of Plant Material. Seeds of Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska were imbibed in aerated tap water for 6 hr at 23 ± 2 C and planted in moist vermiculite. All subsequent manipulations were performed in the dark or under dim green light. The growth cabinet was maintained at 24 ± I C and continuously flushed with humidified ethylene-free (

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Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 92%

Rapidly Induced Wound Ethylene from Excised Segments of Etiolated Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska
Saltveit¹,
Dilley²
1978
Plant Physiol.
96
5
51
0
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“…Stress-dependent release of methanol occurs due to modifications in cell wall pectins (Koerner et al, 2009; Li et al, 2017). Lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles are synthesized from linolenic and linoleic acids in a cascade of reactions (Baur and Yang, 1969; Gigot et al, 2010). Their synthesis is initiated by cell membrane breakdown followed by the release of free linoleic and linolenic acids and further sequential action of lipoxygenases, hydroperoxide lyases, alcohol dehydrogenases and acetyltransferases (UI Hassan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%

Lethal heat stress-dependent volatile emissions from tobacco leaves: what happens beyond the thermal edge?
Turan
¹
,
Kask
²
,
Kanagendran
³

et al. 2019
Journal of Experimental Botany
28
1
20
0
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Natural vegetation is predicted to suffer from extreme heat events as a result of global warming. In this study, we focused on the immediate response to heat stress. Photosynthesis and volatile emissions were measured in the leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38) after exposure to heat shock treatments between 46-55 °C. Exposure to 46 °C decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates (A) by more than three-fold. Complete inhibition of A was observed at 49 °C, together with a simultaneous decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, measured as the Fv/Fm ratio. A large increase in volatile emissions was observed at 52 °C. Heat stress resulted in only minor effects on the emission of monoterpenes, but volatiles associated with membrane damage such as propanal and (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol were greatly increased. Heat-induced changes in the levels of methanol, 2–ethylfuran that are indicative of modification of cell walls. In addition, the oxidation of metabolites in the volatile profiles was strongly enhanced, suggesting the acceleration of oxidative processes at high temperatures that are beyond the thermal tolerance limit.

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“…Samples of the gas phase of the reaction syringes or flasks were periodically analyzed for total and radioactive ethylene and carbon dioxide by gas chromatography and gas radiochromatography as previously described (1,2). In the oxygen-dependent experiments the concentrations of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen were analyzed by gas chromatography utilizing a thermal conductivity detector and a series of two columns containing silica gel and molecular sieve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%

“…Oxygen is essential for this endogenous production of ethylene (4, 10). Evidence from tracer studies in a number of plant tissues has shown that methionine serves as a precursor of ethylene in vivo (1,2,5,9,11, 18). The enzymic conversion of methionine analogues to ethylene catalyzed by peroxidase has been elucidated recently (7,12,13,15,17, 18); KMB,2 the methionine keto analogue, or methional (,B-methylthiopropionaldehyde) but not methionine, is the active substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%

Ethylene Biosynthesis in Fruit Tissues
Baur
¹
,
Yang
²
,
Pratt
³

et al. 1971
Plant Physiol.
Self Cite
49
0
18
0
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Tracer studies with avocado tissues indicate that methionine is converted to ethylene at stages of the climacteric rise and the climacteric peak, but not at the preclimacteric stage. The results suggest that the control of ethylene biosynthesis is at a step after methionine is synthesized. The endogenous content of methionine was found to be so low that methionine must be actively turned over for ethylene biosynthesis during the stages when the rate of ethylene production is high. Oxygen was found to be essential for this conversion, indicating that at least one of the steps in conversion of methionine to ethylene is oxygen-dependent. The ability of methionine and its keto analogue (a-keto-,y-methylthiobutyric acid) to serve as ethylene precursors by apple tissues was compared. Chemical and kinetic evidence support the view that methionine is a closer precursor of ethylene than its keto analogue.It is well known that in fruits the dramatic increase in ethylene production is closely associated with the increase in respiration and with ripening (3,4,10,14). Oxygen is essential for this endogenous production of ethylene (4, 10). Evidence from tracer studies in a number of plant tissues has shown that methionine serves as a precursor of ethylene in vivo (1,2,5,9,11, 18). The enzymic conversion of methionine analogues to ethylene catalyzed by peroxidase has been elucidated recently (7,12,13,15,17, 18); KMB,2 the methionine keto analogue, or methional (,B-methylthiopropionaldehyde) but not methionine, is the active substrate. A chemical mechanism accounting for such enzymatic reactions has been described (15,17, 18). On the basis of this information, Yang (16) has proposed the following scheme for the biosynthesis of ethylene in plants:methionine -* KMB -> (methional) -> ethylene. Later, we have shown that in apple tissues methional is not converted to ethylene (2). Although KMB was readily converted to ethylene, the efficiency of its conversion was found to be less than that from methionine (2). These data do not support the biosynthetic scheme proposed above. On the other hand, Mapson et al. (12) studied the relative conversion of methionine and KMB into ethylene by cauliflower florets and found that KMB is a more efficient precursor of ethylene than methionine. Therefore, they have supported the view that KMB is an intermediate in the formation of ethylene from methionine.

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Ethylene Production from Propanal

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Rapidly Induced Wound Ethylene from Excised Segments of Etiolated Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska

Rapidly Induced Wound Ethylene from Excised Segments of Etiolated Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska

Lethal heat stress-dependent volatile emissions from tobacco leaves: what happens beyond the thermal edge?

Ethylene Biosynthesis in Fruit Tissues

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