Ethylene Dimerization and Oligomerization to 1-Butene and Higher Olefins with Chromium-Promoted Cobalt on Carbon Catalyst

Xu, Zhuoran; Chada, Joseph P.; Xu, Lang; Zhao, Dongting; Rosenfeld, Devon C.; Rogers, Jessica L.; Hermans, Ive; Mavrikakis, Manos; Huber, George W.

doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b03205

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Typically, this kind of fouling happens in several types of waste treatment systems. Lastly, fouling can be caused by a corrosion mechanism that is dependent on thermal resistance and surface roughness [29].…”

Section: A Fouling Problem In Alphabutol Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments on Ethylene Dimerization with Focus on Alphabutol Optimization

Alenezi¹,

Alwi²,

Manan³

et al. 2019

IJITEE

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Butene-1 is an essential compound or co-monomer typically used to regulate and control the density of both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The production of Butene-1 has become a significant area of interest to the industrial and educational-research sectors. Alphabutol technology is one of the Butene-1 production processes. This paper attempts to find a problem that has not been addressed by previous research on production of Butene-1 by using ethylene demineralization route focussing on Alphabutol Technology. The first part of this paper is on the ethylene dimerization techniques available in the literature. Most research on the ethylene dimerization technique emphasized on how to enhance the selectivity of Butene-1 from ethylene using different types of catalyst. The second part of this paper reviews the operational processes used to minimise fouling reported in the literature review. Most of the literatures focused ethylene dimerization and not on the operational issues to be overcome during chemical reactions to enhance the selectivity of Butene-1. Fouling problem in Alphabutol process is still an area that is not adequately addressed in the literature. There is also no literature on operating or maintenance procedure to address these problems of the technology. Therefore, there is still room for improvement on the ethylene dimerization research technology, particularly in the operational process and conditions where the improvement in the reaction parameters of the Alphabutol reactor can improve selectivity of butene-1, extend the run time of the heat exchanger and reduce the time required to clean the heat exchanger fouling.

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Section: A Fouling Problem In Alphabutol Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ibrahim et al [29] investigated the fouling mechanisms that occur in the heat exchangers of the naphtha hydrotreatment unit of the Horns oil refinery. Generally, fouling is caused by polymerization.…”

Section: A Fouling Problem In Alphabutol Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments on Ethylene Dimerization with Focus on Alphabutol Optimization

Alenezi¹,

Alwi²,

Manan³

et al. 2019

IJITEE

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“…Oligomerization reaction of ethylene has been studied on various heterogeneous catalysts such as, metal oxides and sulfates, micro and mesoporous aluminosilicates,, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) . Compared to other solid catalysts for ethylene oligomerization reaction, nickel (Ni 2+ ) containing microporous materials (such as zeolites and MOFs) offer the opportunity to control and optimize reaction rate and selectivity of these reactions .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Oligomerization to Select Oligomers on Ni‐ETS‐10

2018

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The oligomerization of short alkenes (ethylene and propylene) can be used for producing commodity chemicals. Various catalysts have been used for alkene oligomerization, among which ordered microporous catalysts are thermally and mechanically stable and are already established for large-scale industrial applications. In this work, we demonstrate ethylene oligomerization reaction on a microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 (Engelhard Titanosiliate-10) exchanged with Ni 2 + (Ni-ETS-10). We demonstrate a template-free and fluoride-free ETS-10 synthesis method that does not produce impurities commonly seen in hydrothermal ETS-10 synthesis. Ni-ETS-10 showed high C 2 conversion rate, high selectivity to C 4 and high stability comparing to other microporous catalysts investigated in this work for ethylene oligomerization reaction.Oligomerization reaction of ethylene has been studied on various heterogeneous catalysts such as, metal oxides and sulfates, [1][2][3][4][5] micro and mesoporous aluminosilicates, [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). [18][19][20][21][22][23] Compared to other solid catalysts for ethylene oligomerization reaction, nickel (Ni 2 + ) containing microporous materials (such as zeolites and MOFs) offer the opportunity to control and optimize reaction rate and selectivity of these reactions. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] ETS-10 (Engelhard Titanosilicate-10) is a thermally stable microporous crystalline titanosilicate (Si/Ti = 5) containing [TiO 6 ] units, which generate a À2 charge (due to Ti 4 + ), [24,25] capable of loading significant amounts of divalent cations for ion exchange and water treatment applications. [26,27] Since ETS-10 is capable of loading a broad spectrum of divalent transition metal cations, [26,27] this versatile ion-exchange capability of ETS-10 was therefore exploited in this study, and Ni 2 + was exchanged into the framework for ethylene oligomerization. The framework structure of ETS-10 consists of periodic large 12-member ring pores (7.6 Å 4.9 Å ) and aperiodic 18-member ring pores (14.3 Å 7.6 Å ) due to stacking faults. [24,25,28] Additionally, ETS-10 can be synthesized using a template-free procedure which eliminates the need of sacrificing the organic structure-directing agents by calcination. [28] To the best of our knowledge, although there have been numerous attempts at utilizing zeolites and MOFs for ethylene oligomerization, gas phase ethylene oligomerization reaction in continuous mode on Ni 2 + exchanged ETS-10 (Ni-ETS-10) has not been studied before. [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]29] In order to investigate the catalytic outcomes of Ni-ETS-10, two other similar microporous materials that can load divalent transition metal with significant amount -CIT-6 [30] and MOF-74 [31] were chosen. Zeolite CIT-6 has *BEA topology, but contains Zn 2 + as heteroatoms, where the framework Zn atoms generate a À2 charge per Zn. [30] The À2 charge can be used for ...

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“…By calculating the activation energy, it was found that the concerted mechanism dominates the dimerization reaction. Namuangruk et al studied the dimerization of ethylene using the 84 T octahedral sieve model . In this model, the activation energy of the stepwise mechanism was much lower than the activation energy of the concerted one, indicating that the ethylene dimerization would proceed in the stepwise route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, this reaction also involves the processes of proton migration, CC bond formation, and deprotonation, which are the key steps in olefin cyclization, aromatization, and other reactions, such as methanol to olefin . Thus, in‐depth study of alkene dimerization has been done by both experimental and theoretical methods . Alkene dimerization generally proceeds with the help of catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of pore structure on reaction mechanism of propylene dimerization in zeolite: A theoretical viewpoint

Shen

2019

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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Molecular sieves have been widely used in the petrochemical industry as environment‐friendly catalysts. The pore structure is an important factor influencing the catalytic performance of the zeolite. In this work, a combined Our own N‐layered Integrated molecular Orbital and Molecular mechanics method was used to study the mechanism of propylene dimerization in four zeolites (ZSM‐5, BEA, MCM‐22, and MOR) with different pore structures. Comparing the stepwise mechanism and the concerted mechanism, it is found that the two mechanisms compete with each other in the macroporous BEA, MCM‐22, and MOR zeolites, and both mechanisms are possible. However, in ZSM‐5 zeolite with medium pore size, the propylene dimerization reaction tends to proceed according to the stepwise mechanism. Furthermore, no matter which mechanism is adopted, the activation energy of propylene dimerization reaction in MCM‐22 is the smallest in the four zeolites, indicating that its MWW‐type structure (A framework type defined by the International Zeolite Association) may be the most favorable pore structure for the reaction and possesses the highest catalytic activity.

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Ethylene Dimerization and Oligomerization to 1-Butene and Higher Olefins with Chromium-Promoted Cobalt on Carbon Catalyst

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Recent Developments on Ethylene Dimerization with Focus on Alphabutol Optimization

Recent Developments on Ethylene Dimerization with Focus on Alphabutol Optimization

Ethylene Oligomerization to Select Oligomers on Ni‐ETS‐10

The influence of pore structure on reaction mechanism of propylene dimerization in zeolite: A theoretical viewpoint

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