Ethylcellulose assisted exfoliation of graphite by the ultrasound emulsification: An application in electrochemical acebutolol sensor

Inkjet-printed flexible graphene paper electrode for the electrochemical determination of mercury

“…The appearance of peaks is credited to oxygen functionalities of Gr-EC from EC polymer as well as sp 2 graphitic carbon, individually. 27 Furthermore, the spectra of 1s O are shown in Fig. 3(d) to indicate the presence of two peaks placed at 530.4 and 529.5 eV for and O–CO and C–O correspondingly.…”

“…However, the D band revealed imperfection as well as a disorder which are directly accomplished through the disarrangement of sp 2 carbon. 16,27 I D / I G is the ratio of relative intensity relation of D and G bands Gr-EC (0.16) showed ordered lattice carbon is present in Gr-EC which showed negligible defects in both edge and basal planes of Gr. These confirmed that Gr-EC contains the crystal lattice of Gr via EC exfoliation process.…”

“…Different characteristic peaks that appeared at 1369, 1592, and 2851 cm −1 are allocated to D, G, and 2D bands, correspondingly of Gr-EC. 27 These bands are generated as a result of disordered (A 1 g symmetry), graphitic (E 2 G symmetry), and overtone (2D bands) respectively. A good strength of the G band in Gr-EC indicates the well-ordered sp 2 carbon framework demonstrating the exfoliated Gr.…”

“…This process converted the graphite powder into Grsheets in different layers. 23,27 Additionally, oxygen-containing functional groups have also been introduced here for stabilization with EC. Therefore, EC supported the exfoliation process via sonication breakdowns of the van der Waals force found in graphite, and the exfoliation process convert graphite into Gr sheets.…”

“…3(d) to indicate the presence of two peaks placed at 530.4 and 529.5 eV for and O-C]O and C-O correspondingly. 27 In addition, imaging of the surface structure of Gr-EC has been done using AFM. Fig.…”