Ethylbenzene

Welch, Vincent A.; Fallon, Kevin J.; Gelbke, H

doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_035.pub2

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Interestingly, the reverse (i.e. showing an increase with captivity) is observed for the degradation pathways of other pollutants often associated with industrialized economies such as ethylbenzenes (Welch and Fallon 2005), styrenes (often industrially synthesized from ethylbenzenes) (James and Castor 1994), and toluene (Fishbein 1987), which may indicate forms of air contamination or other “first-world” pollutants. Given this, coupled with the fact that wild doucs consume plants rich in toxic compounds, we hypothesize that the microbiome of wild red-shanked doucs serves a detoxification role for the animal and therefore is enriched for taxa with the ability to degrade local contaminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model

Clayton

Al‐Ghalith

Long

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Red-shanked doucs (Pygathrix nemaeus) are endangered, foregut-fermenting colobine primates which are difficult to maintain in captivity. There are critical gaps in our understanding of their natural dietary habits including consumption of leaves, unripe fruit, flowers, seeds, and other plant parts. There is also a lack of understanding of enteric adaptations, including their unique microflora. To address these knowledge gaps, we used the douc as a model to study relationships between gastrointestinal microbial community structure, diet, and health. We analyzed published fecal samples as well as detailed dietary history from doucs with four distinct lifestyles (wild, semi-wild, semi-captive, and captive) and determined gastrointestinal bacterial microbiome composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. A clear gradient of microbiome composition was revealed along an axis of natural lifestyle disruption, including significant associations with diet, health, biodiversity, and microbial function. We identified potential microbial biomarkers of douc dysbiosis, including Bacteroides and Prevotella. Our results suggest a gradient-like shift in captivity causes an attendant shift to severe gut dysbiosis, thereby resulting in gastrointestinal issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model

Clayton

Al‐Ghalith

Long

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the anthraquinone process . The hydrogen carrier, 2-amylanthraquinone, is prepared by the reaction of amylbenzene and phthalic anhydride. , Pure oxygen is produced by the cryogenic separation of air (LINDE process) …”

Section: Environmental Impact Assessments Of the Po Processes: Method...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Ghanta

Fahey

Busch

et al. 2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Until a decade ago, the industrial technologies for producing propylene oxide from propylene were predominantly based on variations of the venerable chlorohydrin and organic hydroperoxide processes. Within the past decade, highly selective H 2 O 2 -based propylene epoxidation technologies have been developed by Dow-BASF (HPPO process) and the University of Kansas Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis (CEBC-PO process). We present comparative economic and environmental impact analyses based on plant scale simulations of the processes for an assumed 200,000 tonnes/yr of PO production capacity and employing relevant process data from the literature. The predicted capital costs for the CEBC-PO process ($228 million) and HPPO process ($275 million) are lower than the conventional PO/ TBA process ($372 million). The PO production costs via the conventional PO/TBA and HPPO processes are 150.4¢/lb PO (profit 87.9¢/lb, assuming a market value of 41¢/lb for the TBA co-product and 42¢/lb for the enriched propane co-product) and 107.1¢/lb PO (profit 36.1¢/lb, assuming a market value of 42¢/lb for the enriched propane co-product), respectively. For the CEBC-PO process, the production cost is 90.6¢/lb PO (profit 30.4¢/lb), assuming a life of one year for the methyltrioxorhenium catalyst and a catalyst leaching rate of 9.3 × 10 −2 lb/h (or 1.6 ppm Re in the reactor effluent). The comparative economic analysis suggests that the CEBC-PO process has potential for being economically competitive and establishes quantitative catalyst performance metrics for achieving the same. Quantitative cradle-to-gate LCA shows that the environmental impacts of producing PO by the conventional PO/TBA, HPPO, and CEBC-PO processes are of the same order of magnitude. The lower GHG emissions predicted for the HPPO and CEBC-PO technologies, compared to the PO/TBA process, lie within the prediction uncertainty of this analysis. This comparative LCA analysis traces the adverse environmental impacts to sources outside the propylene oxide plant in all three processes: fossil fuel-based energy (natural gas, transportation fuel) utilization during raw material (i-butane, propylene and hydrogen peroxide) production.

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“…The second most valuable isomer, o -xylene, is mainly converted to phthalic anhydride, a precursor to plasticizers . Current processes do not isolate ethylbenzene from the C 8 mixture, as the isomer is produced more economically by the alkylation of benzene with ethylene . Optimizing output to meet economic demand requires separation of the desired isomers, mainly p -xylene and some o -xylene, followed by isomerization of the unwanted fraction back to the thermodynamic mixture …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Xylene Isomers through Multiple Metal Site Interactions in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Gonzalez¹,

Kapelewski²,

Bloch³

et al. 2018

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

175

131

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Purification of the C alkylaromatics o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene remains among the most challenging industrial separations, due to the similar shapes, boiling points, and polarities of these molecules. Herein, we report the evaluation of the metal-organic frameworks Co(dobdc) (dobdc = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and Co( m-dobdc) ( m-dobdc = 4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) for the separation of xylene isomers using single-component adsorption isotherms and multicomponent breakthrough measurements. Remarkably, Co(dobdc) distinguishes among all four molecules, with binding affinities that follow the trend o-xylene > ethylbenzene > m-xylene > p-xylene. Multicomponent liquid-phase adsorption measurements further demonstrate that Co(dobdc) maintains this selectivity over a wide range of concentrations. Structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that both frameworks facilitate the separation through the extent of interaction between each C guest molecule with two adjacent cobalt(II) centers, as well as the ability of each isomer to pack within the framework pores. Moreover, counter to the presumed rigidity of the M(dobdc) structure, Co(dobdc) exhibits an unexpected structural distortion in the presence of either o-xylene or ethylbenzene that enables the accommodation of additional guest molecules.

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Ethylbenzene

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties … Show more

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model

Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Separation of Xylene Isomers through Multiple Metal Site Interactions in Metal–Organic Frameworks

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Ethylbenzene

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties … Show more

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model

Associations Between Nutrition, Gut Microbiome, and Health in A Novel Nonhuman Primate Model

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H2O2-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Separation of Xylene Isomers through Multiple Metal Site Interactions in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies