Ethyl Glucuronide Determination: Head Hair versus Non-Head Hair

Abstract

In conclusion, although preliminary results indicate a clear trend regarding the accordance between EtG results in head hair and non-head hair, interpretation of non-head hair results remains to be carefully done for pubic hair, for which often higher concentrations have been found.

Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair samples of Chinese people by protein precipitation (PPT) and large volume injection–gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LVI–GC/MS/MS)

“…The concentration of EtG in positive samples ranged from 10 to 78 pg/mg in hair. With an increase in average daily alcohol consumption, the concentration of EtG in hair also exhibited a corresponding increase, confirming the results of recent studies [23][24][25].…”

“…Obvi- ously, PPT is likely to enhance sample recovery for EtG detection in hair compared with SPE. Although most of the recent papers were using SPE for cleaning-up [11,[21][22][23], it could process only 4 samples at one time, thus costing a lot of time for extraction. However, PPT could prepare 96 samples at one time with low cost.…”

A study of ethyl glucuronide in post-mortem blood as a marker of ante-mortem ingestion of alcohol

“…Also, EtG has recently been suggested as a marker of chronic high alcohol intake, measured in hair (64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76). According to the research so far, the sensitivity and specificity exceeds that of the traditional markers for chronic high alcohol intake, like the liver enzymes aspartate aminotranserase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as carbohydratedeficient transferrin (CDT) (34,35,(77)(78)(79)(80).…”

A study of distribution of ethyl glucuronide in different keratin matrices

“…It was also shown that the contact with positive biological matrices, such as urine, can raise the EtG incorporation into hair samples by a factor of up to 400. These external contaminations proved to be sufficient to turn a nondrinker into a drinker [18]. Lastly, it is important to stress that quite large inter-individual variability is expected in the EtG synthesis and metabolism, possibly affecting the conversion fraction of ethanol into EtG, and consequently its concentrations in all biological matrices [3].…”