Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Adlay Bran Ethanolic Extract Inhibits Oncogene Expression and Suppresses DMH-Induced Preneoplastic Lesions of the Colon in F344 Rats through an Anti-inflammatory Pathway

Abstract

Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop and was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity and an antiproliferative effect in cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of an adlay bran ethanolic extract (ABE-Ea) on colon carcinogenesis in an animal model and investigate its mechanism. Male F344 rats received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and consumed different doses of ABE-Ea. The medium-dose group (17.28 mg of ABE-Ea/day) exhibited the best suppressive effect on colon carcinogenesis and prevented preneoplastic mucin-depleted foci (MDF) formation. Moreover, RAS and Ets2 oncogenes were significantly down-regulated in this group compared to the negative control group, whereas Wee1, a gene involved in the cell cycle, was up-regulated. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression was significantly suppressed in all colons receiving the ABE-Ea, indicating that ABE-Ea delayed carcinogenesis by suppressing chronic inflammation. ABE-Ea included considerable a proportion of phenolic compounds, and ferulic acid was the major phenolic acid (5206 microg/g ABE-Ea) on the basis of HPLC analysis. Results from this study suggest that ABE-Ea suppressed DMH-indued preneoplastic lesions of the colon in F344 rats and that ferulic acid may be one of the active compounds.

Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and anthelmintic activities of leaf and seed extracts of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

“…Job's tears are taken by people due to its beneficial effect for hay fever, high cholesterol, cancer, warts, obesity, arthritis, allergic disorder and respiratory tract infections. Many scholars have reported different biological activities of Job's tears, including antioxidant/free radical scavenging [12], anti-inflammatory [13,14], anti-tumor [12,15,16], hypolipidemic [17], hypocholesterolemic [18], anti-allergic [19,20], hypoglycemic [21], antiobesity [22], anti-mutagenic [23], anti-ulcer [24], prebiotic activity [25], hormonal modulation [26], osteoporosis preventing [27], abortifacient [28] and antimicrobial effect [29].…”

Jali (Coix lacryma-jobi L.): Biji, perkecambahan, dan potensinya

“…Secara fitokimia, jali mengandung 4-ketopinoresinol; alpha-coixin; alpha-sitosterol; betasitosterol; coicin; coixan A; coixan B; coixan C; coixenolide; coixlactam; coixol; coixspirolactam A; coixspirolactam B; coixspirolactam C; palmitic acid; stearic acid; oleic acid; linoleic acid; alkohol coniferyl alcohol; ferulic acid; gamma-sitosterol; glukosa; metil dioksindol-3-asetat; myuenolide; palmatate; phytin; kalium klorida, stearat, stigmasterol; syringic acid; syringaresinol; vitamin B1; dan peracetylated yang terbentuk dari glukosa, maltosa, maltotriosa, maltotetraose, dan maltopentaose (Bao et al 2005;Chang et al 2003;Chang et al 2006;Check dan K'Ombut 1995;Chung et al 2010;Dalimartha 2008;Hsia et al 2007;Hsia et al 2006;Kim et al 2004;Koh et al 2009;Kuo et al 2002;Lee et al 2008;Otsuka et al 1988;Shih et al 2004;Sugimoto et al 2001;Yang et al 2008).…”

FOLFOX 4 Combined with Herbal Medicine for Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…Coix seed has a long history as an anti-cancer agent in China and has been developed into an injectable product (Kanglaite Coix oil extract) (Li, 2007;Woo et al, 2007). Coix extracts have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects in animal models of CRC (Chung et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011). Polysaccharides from Poria cocos appear to potentiate immune response by up-regulating immune stimulators and down-regulating immune suppressors and have shown antitumor activity in various cancer cell lines by suppressing tumor angiogenesis (Rios, 2011).…”