Ethosomes as Nanocarriers for the Development of Skin Delivery Formulations

Paiva‐Santos, Ana Cláudia; Silva, Ana Luísa; Guerra, Catarina; Peixoto, Diana; Pereira-Silva, Miguel; Zeinali, Mahdi; Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa; Castro, Ricardo A. E.; Veiga, Francisco

doi:10.1007/s11095-021-03053-5

Cited by 88 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Ethosomes are ethanolic and noninvasive carriers that Ethanol is a well-known permeation enhancer that gives ethosomes distinctive properties, such as strong flexibility and deformability, allowing them to penetrate deeply through the skin and improve drug penetration and deposition. [69]. The hydrophobic nature of ethanol's carbon tail makes it much easier to penetrate the hydrophobic chain areas of lipid bilayers and ethanol molecules condensing close to the interface area between lipids and the surrounding waters-that is, near the interface region, there is a sharp increase in ethanol's density.…”

Section: Ultraflexible Vesicles and Ethanolic Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System

et al. 2021

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A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body’s immune system—specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review.

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Section: Ultraflexible Vesicles and Ethanolic Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System

et al. 2021

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“…The best known and most commonly employed VNs are liposomes, spherical colloidal bilayer structures formed spontaneously by amphipathic phospholipids in aqueous environments, which were originally reported in 1965 [ 47 ]. However, a variety of liposome-inspired VNs has evolved since, such as: ethosomes , soft VNs whose structure is closely related to that of liposomes, the main difference being the presence of ethanol in moderate to high concentrations, which confers the vesicles high malleability and the ability to significantly enhance the percutaneous permeation of highly lipophilic molecules [ 48 ]; transfersomes , ultraflexible VNs composed by either phospholipids or other bilayer-forming amphipathic molecules packed together with edge activators that decrease the vesicle’s interfacial tension; this conveys a very high elasticity enabling a much better permeation through the SC probably via the intercellular route [ 49 ]; niosomes are VNs usually composed by cholesterol and alkyl or polyglycerol-based non-ionic surfactants that usually offer higher osmotic stability and involve lower production costs as compared to phospholipid-based VNs. Yet, like in liposomes, the physical stability of niosomes is not adequate for prolonged storage [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Overview Of Current Methods For Dermal and Transdermal Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ethosomes , soft VNs whose structure is closely related to that of liposomes, the main difference being the presence of ethanol in moderate to high concentrations, which confers the vesicles high malleability and the ability to significantly enhance the percutaneous permeation of highly lipophilic molecules [ 48 ];…”

Section: Overview Of Current Methods For Dermal and Transdermal Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Ionic Liquid-Based Approaches for Enhanced Skin Permeation of Bioactive Molecules: A Snapshot of the Past Couple of Years

Gomes

Aguiar

Ferraz

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Topical and transdermal delivery systems are of undeniable significance and ubiquity in healthcare, to facilitate the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients, respectively, onto or across the skin to enter systemic circulation. From ancient ointments and potions to modern micro/nanotechnological devices, a variety of approaches has been explored over the ages to improve the skin permeation of diverse medicines and cosmetics. Amongst the latest investigational dermal permeation enhancers, ionic liquids have been gaining momentum, and recent years have been prolific in this regard. As such, this review offers an outline of current methods for enhancing percutaneous permeation, highlighting selected reports where ionic liquid-based approaches have been investigated for this purpose. Future perspectives on use of ionic liquids for topical delivery of bioactive peptides are also presented.

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“…They are composed of phospholipids, water, ethanol, and edge activator, giving rise to more stable systems, capable to encapsulate larger molecules and permeate easily through the skin [ 81 ]. The improved composition of ethosomes offers significant advantages in the delivery of therapeutic agents, particularly over the conventional liposomes, regarding different pathologies, including acne, psoriasis, alopecia, skin infections, and hormonal deficiencies, among others [ 82 ].…”

Section: Lipid-based Nanosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Based Nanosystems as a Tool to Overcome Skin Barrier

Sguizzato

Esposito

Cortesi

2021

IJMS

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Skin may be affected by many disorders that can be treated by topical applications of drugs on the action site. With the advent of nanotechnologies, new efficient delivery systems have been developed. Particularly, lipid-based nanosystems such as liposomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, cubosomes, and monoolein aqueous dispersions have been proposed for cutaneous application, reaching in some cases the market or clinical trials. This review aims to provide an overview of the different lipid-based nanosystems, focusing on their use for topical application. Particularly, biocompatible nanosystems able to dissolve lipophilic compounds and to control the release of carried drug, possibly reducing side effects, are described. Notably, the rationale to topically administer antioxidant molecules by lipid nanocarriers is described. Indeed, the structural similarity between the nanosystem lipid matrix and the skin lipids allows the achievement of a transdermal effect. Surely, more research is required to better understand the mechanism of interaction between lipid-based nanosystems and skin. However, this attempt to summarize and highlight the possibilities offered by lipid-based nanosystems could help the scientific community to take advantage of the benefits derived from this kind of nanosystem.

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Ethosomes as Nanocarriers for the Development of Skin Delivery Formulations

Cited by 88 publications

References 91 publications

Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System

The Emerging Role of Ionic Liquid-Based Approaches for Enhanced Skin Permeation of Bioactive Molecules: A Snapshot of the Past Couple of Years

Lipid-Based Nanosystems as a Tool to Overcome Skin Barrier

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