Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Abstract

A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body’s immune system—specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review.

Formulation Development, Characterization and Antifungal Evaluation of Chitosan NPs for Topical Delivery of Voriconazole In Vitro and Ex Vivo

“…The results also show low retention in the stratum corneum despite the lipophilic nature of the drug. This might be due to the low solubility in the stratum corneum lipids [ 53 ]. Another reason for the low stratum corneum retention might be the penetration pathway, which is not forcing diffusion across the skin layers but might be via skin appendages [ 54 ].…”

Fabrication of Tizanidine Loaded Patches Using Flaxseed Oil and Coriander Oil as a Penetration Enhancer for Transdermal Delivery

“…The presence of definitive hydrocarbon tail groups in addition to a polar head group makes the structures of geraniol and nerolidol appropriate for lipid disruption SC packaging, which allows the penetration of diclofenac sodium through the full thickness of the male rat’s abdominal skin [ 63 ]. Another study used turpentine oils in transdermal patches of diclofenac diethylamine [ 64 ]. The limonene component of coriander oil is more effective than the linalool and cineole combination with propylene glycol in improving the permeability of haloperidol through the female human abdominal skin.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylamide/Acrylic Acid Co-Polymers and Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked pH-Sensitive Hydrogels

“…AM has been employed in various biomedical applications including protein drug delivery due to its biocompatibility, pH-responsiveness and mucoadhesivity [ 17 ]. Success has been reported using an AM grafted N-succinyl chitosan-based hydrogel with a pH dependent release of insulin when administered orally [ 18 ].…”