Ethnoterritorial Reconfigurations Ofsocial Conflicts: From Cultural Difference to Political Fragmentation (Brazilian Amazonia)

Abstract

Despite the constitutional inscription of the territorial rights of indigenous and quilombola peoples, a new kind of conflict has emerged between differently classified populations. This article documents this conflict through the study of a disagreement between 'quilombola' and 'indigenous' populations in central Amazonia. The solutions of various actors reveal doubts concerning the real 'ethnic contrast' between the protagonists. The current organisation in ethnic territories is seen as the most recent instance of a series of socioterritorial reorganisations already adopted by the populations in interaction with diverse bodies. The article reconstructs the shifting alliances between opposed factions, highlighting the modalities involved in their formation. When the rights granted by the State to groups of populations due to their exceptionality come under threat, as at present, it is essential to recognise that the fluidity between legal categories reflects their shared struggle for survival.

Association between firearms and mortality in Brazil, 1990 to 2017: a global burden of disease Brazil study

“…From 2000 to 2015, upward trends in homicide rates in the country were at the expense of growth in small and medium-sized municipalities [34]. Situations such as clashes over agrarian issues and territorial conflict over assignment of indigenous lands and quilombolas have led to increases in violent deaths [35]. Organized crime and disputes between armed factions have increased violence in northeast federation units like Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte [36].…”

Expansão, deslocamento e interiorização do homicídio no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2015: uma análise espacial

“…Nestas áreas críticas podem ainda ter influência a centralidade e a força econômica de alguns municípios 21,[29][30][31] . Outros cenários têm sofrido aumento bem seletivo de homicídios: confrontos pela posse da terra e direito de propriedade nas questões agrárias e conflitos territoriais pela cessão de terras indígenas e quilombolas [32][33][34][35] .…”

Vida quilombola na comunidade de Itacuruçá, Pará

“…A formação socioespacial da Amazônia possui elementos, que mostram as transformações contemporâneas observadas nos processos históricosociais, as quais são representadas, ao longo do tempo, por intervenções do extrativismo, pela exploração do território e pelas dinâmicas capitalistas, principalmente a partir da década de 1970(VENTURA NETO, 2020. Essas ações têm sido percebidas inclusive nas relações entre as populações tradicionais amazônicas, por atividades que afastam e que aproximam os grupos étnicos, manifestadas em desacordos e em compartilhamentos de lutas, frente às ameaças do modelo hegemônico capitalista (BOYER, 2017).…”