“…A second implication of the Chicago tradition is that music‐making, like all organized human activities, is viewed as “collective action” (Becker 1974) or, as he simply put it, “as the result of what a lot of people have done jointly” (Becker 1989: 282). Behind this deceptively simple truism, however, lies a fundamental theoretical commitment to the proposition that the social world is continuously produced, enacted, and reproduced through the collaborative interaction of individual human beings and that “societies,” “social structures,” “social classes,” “institutions,” and other such collective entities must be understood as the outcome, not the cause, of such collaborative interaction (Morrione 2004:xiv–xvi).…”