Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Health-Promoting Effects of the Genus Bulbophyllum

Abstract

The genus Bulbophyllum is of scientific interest due to the phytochemical components and diverse biological activities found across species of the genus. Most Bulbophyllum species are epiphytic and located in habitats that range from subtropical dry forests to wet montane cloud forests. In many cultures, the genus Bulbophyllum has a religious, protective, ornamenting, cosmetic, and medicinal role. Detailed investigations into the molecular pharmacological mechanisms and numerous biological effects of Bulbophyllum spp. remain ambiguous. The review focuses on an in-depth discussion of studies containing data on phytochemistry and preclinical pharmacology. Thus, the purpose of this review was to summarize the therapeutic potential of Bulbophyllum spp. biocompounds. Data were collected from several scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, other professional websites, and traditional medicine books to obtain the necessary information. Evidence from pharmacological studies has shown that various phytoconstituents in some Bulbophyllum species have different biological health-promoting activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective. No toxicological effects have been reported to date. Future clinical trials are needed for the clinical confirmation of biological activities proven in preclinical studies. Although orchid species are cultivated for ornamental purposes and have a wide traditional use, the novelty of this review is a summary of biological actions from preclinical studies, thus supporting ethnopharmacological data.

High Throughput Screening for Bioactive Components of Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt Root and Their Functional Potential Assessment

“…The extract is found to contain more than 70 different compounds belonging to different chemical classes with high therapeutic potential. The major compounds included 4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrocinnamoyl)-, 1,3-dioxane-5,5-dimethanol, 2-methyl-, 4-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-tetrazol-2-yl]-butyramide, bicyclo -3-en-2-one, 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-, allyloxydi(tert-butyl)silane, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2(3H)-one, 8-(dimethylamino)-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonitrile, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7,7-dimethoxy-, 4-allyl-3-(dimethylhydrazono)-2-methylhexane-2, 5-diol, carbonic acid, 2-chloroethyl 2-pentyl ester, carbonic acidbut-3-yn-1-yl octyl ester, acetonitrile, 2,2′-iminobis-, acetic acid, cyano-, 2-hexynoic acid, pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, 2-amino-6-hydroxy-5-nitro-, 3-chlorophenyl pent-4-en-2-yl ester, isoquinoline, decahydro-, 1-nitrobiuret, 6-chloromethyl-N,N-dimethyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamine, methyl 3-hydroxyoctadecanoate, TMS derivative, cephaloridine, 3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecane-1,14-diamine, N(2),N(6)-bis(dimethylaminomethylene)lysine, cholestan-3-ol, TMS derivative, 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-(1-pyrazolyl)pyrazole, 2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4,4′-methylenebis[3-methoxy-, p-undecyloxybenzoic acid methyl ester, 4-penten-2-ynylamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-, acetamide, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-chloro-, piperazine, 2-methyl-, cyclopentane, 1-methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-, ethanone, 1-(4-pyridinyl)-, oxime, thiourea, dimethylaminomethyl, histamine-2-carboxylic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, pentanedioic acid, 2,4-dimethyl-, dimethyl ester, bis(sec-butoxo)(methyl)oxovanadium, methyl 4-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazono) valerate, dihydroartemisinin, 6-deshydro-5-deshydroxy-3-deoxy, lavandulyl butyrate, butanoic acid, 2,3-dichloro-, silane, (dotriacontyloxy)trimethyl-, 6-methyl-1-(2-thenylidene)furo[3,4c]pyridine, N-heptyl-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-N methylpropionamide, urea, N,N′-diethyl-, erythritol, acetamide, 2-chloro-N-1H-purin-6-yl-benzamide, 4-methoxy-N-[4-(1-methylcyclopropyl)phenyl]-,glycylglycine ethyl ester, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pentene, (3-methylthiopropylideneamino)acetonitrile, androst-5-en-17-one, 16-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-hydroxy-, aminohippuric acid, 3TMS derivative, 7-methyl-6,8 bis(methylthio) pyrrolo [ 1 , 2 ] pyrazine, cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl-,pentanedioic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-, dimethyl ester, N,N-dimethylsuccinamic acid, silicic acid, diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl)ester, p-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N′-,benzestrol, 2TMS derivative, 6-chlorohexanoic acid, 4-cyanophenyl ester, pentasiloxane, dodecamethyl-,cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene, trisiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-, cyclooctyl N,N-di isopropyl phosphoramidocyanidate, N-trifluoroacetyl-3-methoxytyramine, cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-, 4-methyl-2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) pentene, 6-methoxypurine, and TBDMS derivative. These identified compounds are known to have several pharmacological potentials.…”

“…The GC-MS analysis of root extract is given in (Table 5), and the characteristic chromatogram is shown in (Figure 3). androst-5-en-17-one, 16-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3hydroxy-, aminohippuric acid, 3TMS derivative, 7-methyl-6,8 bis(methylthio) pyrrolo [1,2] pyrazine, cyclotetrasilox-ane, octamethyl-,pentanedioic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-, dimethyl ester, N,N-dimethylsuccinamic acid, silicic acid, diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl)ester, p-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N′ -,benzestrol, 2TMS derivative, 6-chlorohexanoic acid, 4cyanophenyl ester, pentasiloxane, dodecamethyl-,cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene, trisiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-, cyclooctyl N,N-di isopropyl phosphoramidocyanidate, N-trifluoroacetyl-3-methoxytyramine, cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-, 4methyl-2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) pentene, 6-methoxypurine, and TBDMS derivative. These identified compounds are known to have several pharmacological potentials.…”

“…Therapeutic plants have significant positive role in individual and communities health [ 1 , 2 ]. These plants and their components are traditionally in use for the treatment of many diseases such as fever, cough, internal injury, eye disease, removal of kidney stones, wound healing, rheumatism, and other infections of human beings and livestock [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Anticancer potential of alkaloids: a key emphasis to colchicine, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine and vincamine

“…For cancer treatment, plant secondary metabolites as chemo-preventive agents are well classified and recognized as bioactive compounds for primary and secondary prevention [ 10 – 12 ]. Consequently, many pieces of evidence prove that higher consumption of secondary metabolites can lower cancer development [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives

“…Currently, innovative approaches are being adopted to combat the onset and progression of human health problems [ 1 – 3 ]. One strategy involves using compounds derived from edible dietary plants, seeds and traditional medicinal herbs that have an impact on not only treating but also preventing cancer, either alone or along with existing treatment approaches [ 4 – 6 ]. Natural medicines which are derived from medicinal herbs or different vegetables or plants and fruits with promising health benefits are proved to be effective in treating and also preventing a wide range of human ailments, including obesity, neurological disorders, cancer, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes [ 7 – 10 ].…”