“…It is interesting that this subject has not received the attention it deserves in Southeast Asia given the legacy of a prominent social scientist of Southeast Asia, Benedict Anderson and his concept of the construction and 'imagination' of the nation (1991). In other words, though nation-states usually present identities as homogeneous, unified, bounded and fixed, or in Geertzian terms 'primordial' (Geertz, 1963), they are in fact heterogeneous, fluid, changing, contingent, instrumental and used strategically and in role-playing (Dentan, 1975(Dentan, , 1976Leach, 1954;Nagata, 1974Nagata, , 1975Nagata, , 1979and see Featherstone, 2000;Kahn, 1992, p. 170-171;Mackerras, 2003, p. 12).They are always in the process of 'becoming', invariably located in a world of competing and interacting identities made more intense by the impacts of globalization and media technology, nation-building, and transnational movements and encounters, including those generated by tourism. In this connection Kessler has argued, following Hobsbawm (1983;Hobsbawm and Ranger, 1983), that in a fast-changing and modernizing present, 'tradition' or 'the past', rather than 'an unchanged residue… becomes a resource now capable of being consciously used to fashion and legitimate a form of life that exists only in a problematic and contingent present ' (1992, p. 134-135).…”