Ethnic Social Milieu and Black Children's Intelligence Test Achievement

Family Racial Socialization and Ecological Competence: Longitudinal Assessments of African-American Transracial Adoptees

“…However, the TRAs in the current report were adopted before 14 months of age. Previous transracial adoptive studies purporting high rates of adjustment and low rates of maladjustment in transracial adoptees had severe methodological limitations (e.g., Simon & Alstein, 1977, 1987.…”

“…One culturally specific, or emic model of socialization begins to differentiate their multifaceted socialization objectives (Boykin & Toms, 1985). The model includes socialization for (1) mainstream and/or European-American values (e.g., McAdoo, 1992;Moore, 1986Moore, , 1987, (2) African-American values and behavior derivative of West African culture (e.g., Hale-Benson, 1986;Montgomery, Fine, & James-Myers, 1990;Nobles, 1973;Sudarkasa, 1981), and (3) coping with racial minority status or racial oppression (e.g.. Branch & Newcombe, 1985;Peters, 1981Peters, , 1985Thornton, Chatters, Taylor, & Allen, 1990).…”

Intersectional Stratification: Race, Religion, and Status Attainment

“…After the Civil Rights Movement, sociological research on race and status attainment largely attributed racial disparities to class inequality rather than the structural impacts of racism (Wilson 1980; Moore 1987; Thomas 1993; Thomas, Herring, and Horton 1994). However, this lens assumes that class inequality functions the same way regardless of race—several studies show that for Black people with high levels of occupational attainment, the pathways to that attainment are still different from whites (Roscigno and Ainsworth-Darnell 1999; Wilson et al 1999).…”

“…First, different racial groups have different ways of developing the networks necessary to establish careers and build communities, and being American-born versus an immigrant shapes these pathways (Lin 1999; Portes and Jensen 1987). Second, like immigrant groups, Black Americans benefit from racially diverse social networks in their status achievement (Moore 1987; Blau 1991). Being connected with those who have different kinds of capital and ties to other kinds of jobs can expand the tools in one’s cultural toolkit, making it possible to develop new skills and pursue new kinds of work (Portes and Jensen 1989; Swidler 1986).…”

Immigrant network diversity in the land of the fair go

“…With social boundaries stratifying ethnic groups into occupations, a greater proportion of ethnic minorities and immigrants in a network fosters social capital from contacts in low-prestige jobs and ethnic economies -contacts known to be less effective in accessing opportunities in mainstream society (Constant and Massey, 2005;Liebig, 2007;Simón et al, 2008). A reliance on co-ethnic ties can lead to difficulty finding employment, and can impede social participation and mobility because of a lack of mainstream contacts (Lin, 1999(Lin, , 2000Moore, 1987;Portes and Sensenbrenner, 1993). If the 'fair go' principle applies to social capital, our analyses should show no association between ethnic network homophily and social capital.…”