Ethnic Identity as a Predictor of Microaggressions Toward Blacks, Whites, and Hispanic LGBs by Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics

Elias, Troy; Jaisle, Alyssa; Morton, Cynthia R.

doi:10.1080/00918369.2016.1172888

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…While the study initially set out to investigate the experience of racial microaggression across different ethnic groups, it also discovered the multiple factors relating to racial microaggression experience. Similar to that of past studies from Jones and Galliher (2014) and Elias et al (2017), other factors outside ethnicity may play a role in attributing to the perpetuation of racial microaggression. Gender difference contributes to the perpetuation of the theme 'perception of sexual availability', such that the perpetrator is a male and the victim is a female.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The findings indicated that racial differences in attitudes toward same-sex relations in the United States persisted. African Americans and Hispanic Americans were found to possess unfavorable attitudes toward Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) persons than Caucasian Americans (Elias et al, 2017). However, despite having the least favorable attitudes toward the LGB community of the three racial groups, African American participants were the least likely to engage in microaggressions toward the LGB group (Elias et al, 2017).…”

Section: Racial Microaggression and Ethnic Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial Microaggression in Multicultural Malaysia: Ethnic-specific Experience of University Students

Lino

Hashim

2019

J Ethn Cult Stud

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Contemporary studies on racial microaggression in Southeast Asian countries, particularly those that take into account the experience of people from different ethnic groups, are limited. As such, the current study focused on racial microaggression experience amongst Malaysian university students from different ethnic groups. A sample of 40 university students was recruited through purposive and snowball sampling strategies. The participants comprised of nine ethnic Malays, 10 ethnic Chinese, 10 ethnic Indians, seven ethnic groups from East Malaysia and four of mixed-parentage. A qualitative method using semi-structured individual interviews was utilized. Responses/verbatim from the interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. Results indicated 11 common racial microaggression themes reported by participants across most ethnic groups, including ‘In-group benefit’ and ‘The paradox of over-scrutiny/ overlook.’ Also, five ethnic-specific themes, such as ‘Pathologizing cultural values/ communication style’ and ‘Ignorant about the situation in Sabah & Sarawak.’ The findings indicate that while there can be a shared experience of racial microaggression for people of different ethnicities, the actual themes experienced by specific ethnic groups may differ. Theoretical and practical implications include recommendations on how to address the issue in Malaysia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Racial Microaggression and Ethnic Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Microaggression in Multicultural Malaysia: Ethnic-specific Experience of University Students

Lino

Hashim

2019

J Ethn Cult Stud

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“…Gender. Gender has been shown to be a strong predictor of attitudes toward same-sex sexuality (Bonilla & Porter 1990, Elias et al, 2017, with men evidencing more homonegativity than women (Negy & Eisenman, 2005). This relationship may be explained by the relatively constricted nature of men's gender roles, such that the lack of gender normativity evidenced by many sexual minorities is seen as threatening (Ward, 2005).…”

Section: What Congregation-level Variables May Predict Attitudes Towamentioning

confidence: 99%

Homonegativity and the Black Church: Is Congregational Variation the Missing Link?

Lefevor

Paiz

Stone

et al. 2020

The Counseling Psychologist

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The Black church in the United States has historically functioned as a bastion for civil rights; however, it may also be a source of pain and suffering for sexual minorities. To examine the influence of individual and congregational variables on attitudes toward same-sex sexuality in the Black church, we collected a sample of 219 participants from 15 randomly selected congregations. Results of three hierarchical linear models indicated that congregation- and individual-level variables emerged as equally important predictors of individuals’ attitudes toward same-sex sexuality. Individual-level religiousness and congregation-level education emerged as significant predictors of homonegativity. Our results suggest that congregations may play a role in enacting homonegative attitudes. We encourage counseling psychologists working with religious Black sexual minority clients to help clients consider characteristics of congregations (e.g., education) and individual religious practices (e.g., overzealous service attendance) that may signal homonegativity. We encourage further work examining the influence of congregational factors on congregants’ attitudes.

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“…Among racial minority groups, cultural factors such as racial prejudice, limited community acceptance, and religiosity hinder sexual identity processes (Elias et al, 2017;Han, 2015;Lewis, 2003). In some environments, such as Black or Latinx communities, homophobic attitudes have led to postponement of one's coming out (Lewis, 2003).…”

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sex, Race, and Education on the Timing of Coming Out among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the U.S.

Haltom

Ratcliff

2020

Arch Sex Behav

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Sexual identity formation or "coming out" as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) involves a complex process including both private realization and public disclosure. Private realization refers to the process through which an individual becomes aware of their LGB identity, whereas public disclosure reflects when an individual discloses their identity to another person. Sex, race, and class affect the timing of these processes across the life course. While extant research has identified the bivariate nature of these processes, we took a multivariate approach to understand the timing of these sexual identity milestones from a life-course perspective. Using data from the Pew Research Center's 2013 Survey of LGBT Adults (n = 1136), we considered how the timing of private realization and public disclosure of LGB identity is a sexed, racialized, and classed experience. The sample consisted of lesbians (n = 270), gay males (n = 396), bisexual females (n = 342), and bisexual males (n = 127). Results indicated that females uniformly realized and disclosed their identities at later stages in the life course, whereas individuals with at least some college education came out during their prime college-age years. We also found variation in timing between private realization and public disclosure for Black respondents, but not other racial groups. These findings provide insight into how organizations can develop specific programs that allow LGB individuals to safely explore their sexuality and provide support over the life course.

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Ethnic Identity as a Predictor of Microaggressions Toward Blacks, Whites, and Hispanic LGBs by Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics

Cited by 12 publications

References 94 publications

Racial Microaggression in Multicultural Malaysia: Ethnic-specific Experience of University Students

Racial Microaggression in Multicultural Malaysia: Ethnic-specific Experience of University Students

Homonegativity and the Black Church: Is Congregational Variation the Missing Link?

Effects of Sex, Race, and Education on the Timing of Coming Out among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the U.S.

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