Ethnic diversity in policing: An application of quantile regression to the New York City Police Department

Abstract

This study expanded on the use of Simpson's diversity index (D = 1 -∑p 2 ) to measure ethnic heterogeneity in policing and other criminal justice-related agencies. The index was applied to the police and civilian workforces of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) by using employment data for January 2015. Concomitantly, quantile regression was used to supplement the Tobit regression and to illustrate its ability to assess the effects of organization-based variables across the conditional distribution of the diversity scores. The quantile regression analysis found that ethnic diversity in the NYPD is affected differently by the type of workforce, the type of police and civilian positions, and by the number of employees in the police and civilian job titles and classifications. Statistically, the quantile regression detected significant relationships at various points of the conditional distribution while the Tobit regression analysis produced mixed results for the three models that were tested.

Prediction of Convergent and Divergent Determinants of Organisational Development

“…The number of parameters obtained was intentionally limited to three of the most informative for each determinant. From the majority of the publications examined, the basis for the selection of the respective parameters formed (Ahlf et al, 2019), (Allen et al, 2007), (Bansal et al, 2017), (Bischoff, 2016), (Demigha, 2021), (Guajada, 2016), (Hermann, 2019), (Ilseven & Puranam, 2021), (Lamb, 2020) In addition to these determinants resulting from the publication and network analyses, organisational characteristics were included as they are useful for further research and surrogate model building. The dependencies of individual determinants and parameters among each other are not clear from the relation of the surrogate model.…”

Who is Policing the Community? A Comprehensive Review of Discrimination in Police Departments

“…Articles assessing workforce diversity centered on evaluations comprised of studies specific to cities/geographic areas and/or nationally derived evaluations. Comparing the NYPD to the overall civilian population, Guajardo () found that minority representation is conditional on the level of assessment, but overall minority representation within the NYPD is less diverse than the general civilian workforce. The level of diversity within the NYPD police ranks declines precipitously and consistently after the rank of sergeant, and the disparity ratios reveal that the number of White officers far exceeds that of Black, Hispanic, Asian, and other minority group officers for all remaining ranks (Guajardo, ).…”

The Mongrel Mob or Head Hunters? The association between neighbourhood-level factors on different types of gang membership in Aotearoa/New Zealand

“…The value of D ranges between 0 and 1 with 1 representing infinite diversity and 0, no diversity. The index has been commonly employed in the criminological literature to examine a range of topics ranging from the impacts of diversity on burglary crime (Gulma et al, 2019) to ethnic diversity in policing (Guajardo, 2016). Morris and Worrall (2014) also developed a gang composition index reflecting the diversity of prison gangs in their research examining the effect of prison architecture on inmate misconduct in prisons in Texas.…”