Ethics

The War on Terrorism and Classical Islam

“…Thus, to speak in terms of defensive jihad also adds a sense of urgency to the jihad, and serves as a powerful tool for Muslim leaders seeking to rally popular support. 39 For the Islamic states, the use of defensive jihad is similar to the right to self-defense under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. 40 In fact, if the defensive jihad is waged strictly in defense of the existing borders of a Muslim state, such action could also be justified under the United Nations' Charter.…”

“…Iraqi prisoners loyal to the Iraqi regime were dealt with much more harshly then prisoners who supported the idea of an Islamic polity (who were given special favors). 89 Other documents "confirm the execution of thousands of Iraqi POWs by the Guards Corps." 90 Classical Islam also recognized the concept of double effect or collateral damage.…”

“…One by one, Muslim heads of state are receiving pressure to become more Islamic." 6 21 For Muslims all law flows from God and his Prophet, and, therefore, is divine and superior to any system of laws devised by man. At the core of this law is the concept of Islamic universalism.…”

Interactions of Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Other B‐vitamins

“…Nicotinic acid formation from tryptophan is impaired in vitamin B6-defiCient subjects. 6 In such deficient subjects, urinary excretion of quinolinic acid and other metabolites is markedly increased following a tryptophan load. FIQURE 1 depicts the interactions of vitamin Bs in the formation of nicotinic acid from tryptophan.…”

“…No direct evidence for this theory was available at the L-Tryptophan 2). 6 Quinolinic acid decarboxylase has been indicated to be a pyridoxal phosphatedependent enzyme. Yeh and Brown have studied extensively the effects of vitamin B6 and tryptophan loading on the urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites in mammals.'…”