Ethical Leadership: Meaning and Measurement. Latvian Retail Traders’ Perspective

Abstract

Abstract. In the contemporary situation of ever-growing market internationalisation, local and global competition different company leadership aspects, especially ethical leadership, gain a special importance. It is possible to say that in theoretical literature, there is more or less consensual agreement upon the meaning of ethical leadership still regarding the evaluation models there are many models. Therefore, the main challenge is to determine the case sensitive model(s) for the industry or the type of business organisation. The goal of the article is to delineate theoretically and to test empirically amongst Latvian retail traders one of the models of evaluation (the one of the Executive Servant Leadership Scale, ESLS). The research questions are (1) What is the ranking of the ESLS first-order factors? and (2) What are the possible problem areas in the ethical leadership as seen by the Latvian retail traders? The authors of the present paper aspire to identify the problem areas out the future lines of investigation. The current research uses the following research methods: the monographic (the literature study related to the concept of ethical leadership and its evaluations models); expert interviews to narrow down the items to be tested; and the survey with the following factor analysis.

Differences in Attitude to Corporate Social Responsibility among Generations

“…It was introduced in 1953 [4] and was then investigated by many researchers in different fields and concerning other concepts, such as company's performance [5], customer satisfaction and loyalty [6,7], corporate image [8], as well as employee satisfaction and loyalty [9]. Besides, the researchers pay attention to the questions, regarding the perception of CSR, by the company's employees, managers and top executives [10,11], ethical leadership [12], and the reputation of boards members [13].…”