Ethanolic Extract of Xestospongia Sp. Induces CD4+ and CD14 Cells Levels on Wistar Male Rat Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Immunomodulator is a substance that increases or suppresses the immune response through the certain mechanism. The marine sponge Xestospongia sp. has immunomodulatory activity by increasing phagocytic activity. In addition, the phagocytic activity is affected by CD4+ and CD14 cells levels. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of Xestopongia sp. extract toward CD4+ and CD14 cells level in model rat. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n=5) and treated for 7 days, as follow: Group I (Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. dose of 300 mg/KgBW); Group II (Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. dose of 400 mg/KgBW); Group III (Phylantus niruri extract); and Group IV (0.5% Na CMC). On day 8, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally. And the blood was collected by cardiac puncture and assayed with ELISA kit CD4 (elabscience®) and ELISA kit CD14 (elabscience®). Ethanolic extract of Xestospongia sp. provided high levels of both CD4+ and CD14 cells (Group II) compared to baseline (Group IV) (p<0.05). Group I provided similar activity to group III (p>0.05) and Group II provided significant activity with higher levels of CD4+ and CD14 cells compared to group III (p<0.05). In conclusion, both doses of Xestospongia sp. extract provide activity as immunomodulator by increasing CD4+ and CD14 cells levels, yet dose of 400 mg/KgBw provides the higher immunomodulatory activity.

Immunomodulatory and Acute Toxicity Tests of Rhizome Ethanol Extract of Etlingera Flexuosa Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) on Male Mice (Mus Musculus)

“…The phagocytosis macrophages activity was characterized by the shape and size of active macrophages that are getting bigger. The phagosome appears as the membrane becomes more tortuous, the number of lysosomes increases, the Golgi apparatus increases in size and the rough endoplasmic reticulum develops, while in-active macrophages have a smaller shape and size than active macrophages 25,20 . The differences between active and inactive macrophages can be seen in Figure 2.…”