Ethanolic extract of Betel ( Piper betle L.) and Chaphlu ( Piper sarmentosum Roxb.) dechlorophyllized using sedimentation process: Production, characteristics, and antioxidant activities

Abstract

Sedimentation process was used to remove chlorophyll from betel leaf ethanolic extracts (BLEE) and chaphlu leaf ethanolic extracts (CLEE). The influence of water quantity on chlorophyll content, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of the extracts was studied. The sedimentation process showed a remarkable reduction in chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and total chlorophyll contents of both extracts. Nevertheless, no differences in chlorophyll content, TPC, and antioxidant activities were observed between dechlorophyllized fractions in both extracts (p > .05). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) profiling showed that the BLEE dechlorophyllized using the extract/water ratio of 1:1 (BLEE-DC1) had higher phenolic compounds than CLEE-DC1. Isovitexin was the most abundant compound identified in the BLEE-DC1 while vitexin 4′-O-galactoside was the most prevalent in CLEE-DC1. When thermal and pH stabilities of the dechlorophyllized extracts were tested, BLEE-DC1 exhibited more heat stability (at 60-100°C for 0-60 min) than CLEE-DC1. Both dechlorophyllized extracts showed optimum antioxidant activities at pH 5.0. Practical applications Oxidation process is associated with the numerous human diseases as well as it induces the deteriorative changes in foods, especially those rich in fat or lipid containing high polyunsaturated fatty acids. Numerous synthetic antioxidants have been employed but they may not be safe. Natural antioxidants have gained attention, particularly those from several leaves rich in polyphenols. However, due to the green color caused by chlorophylls, the extract is limited for further applications. Betel leaf ethanolic extract possessing high antioxidant activity could be dechlorophyllized using sedimentation process with the appropriate proportion of water. This green process not only showed the effective removal of chlorophyll, but also increased the proportion of polyphenol in the extract. Greenless betel leaf extract with augmented antioxidant activity can be used as natural additive to replace synthetic counterpart. K E Y W O R D S antioxidant activities, betel leaf extract, chaphlu leaf extract, chlorophyll removal, LC/MS, sedimentation | 3 of 14 TAGRIDA AnD BEnJAKUL were thoroughly washed with tap water and dried in a hot air oven at 50°C overnight until moisture content of the leaves was less than 10%. Dried samples were blended, and then, sieved using 80 mesh stainless-steel sieve. The obtained powder named as "betel leaf

Comparative Study of the Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Ability and Antibacterial Activity of the Piper Betle L. and Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts

“…Consequently, the appropriate extract time was chosen as 2 h for P. betle and 1 h for P. sarmentosum. The correlation between polyphenol contents and DPPH scavenging activities of Pb.ext and Ps.ext suggested that the phenolic compounds of both extracts were responsible for their antioxidant activities [23]. These results also revealed that P. betle has stronger antioxidant activity as well as reducing power than P. sarmentosum.…”

“…Even though P. betle has been well studied and applied in several commercial products with antibacterial and antifungal effects, P. sarmentosum has been still little-known in this field. Moreover, there have been several researches compared the vegetative anatomy, phenolic contents, and bioactivities between P. betle and P. sarmentosum [22,23], but their capacities in AgNP synthesis have been not compared yet.…”

Ethanolic Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) leaf extract dechlorophyllised using sedimentation process: Antioxidant, antibacterial properties and efficacy in extending the shelf‐life of striped catfish slices

“…Top fraction of ethanolic extract of Betel ( Piper betle L.) and Chaphlu ( Piper sarmentosum Roxb.) leaves obtained after sedimentation process also had lower Chlo‐a, Chlo‐b and Tot‐Chlo contents than the crude extract without chlorophyll removal (Tagrida & Benjakul, 2020). For all the extracts, Chlo‐b content was higher than that of Chlo‐a.…”

“…The high antioxidant activities for kaempferol and quercetin identified in noni leaf extract were reported (Deng et al, 2008). Tatsimo et al (2012) documented the excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for kaempferol rhamnoside derivatives isolated from Bryophyllum pinnatum. Quercetin was documented to possess high antimicrobial activities against both GPB and GNB (Wang et al, 2017).…”

Review of The Effectiveness of Plant Media Extracts in Barium Hexaferrite Magnets (BaFe12O19)

“…(Madhumita et al, 2019), phenolic acid, antioxidants, and high avonoids can help in the process of material synthesis (Punuri et al, 2012). Piper betle Linn also contains high antioxidants (Tagrida and Benjakul, 2020) alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and amino acids that can inhibit the electron transport system. The chemical composition includes the phenol group with the most avonoid compounds.…”