Ethanol Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Enveloped Viruses

Nomura, Toshihito; Nazmul, Tanuza; Yoshimoto, Reiko; Higashiura, Akifumi; Oda, Kosuke; Sakaguchi, Takemasa

doi:10.4265/bio.26.177

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported similar results, demonstrating that, in addition to frequency, concentration, and time, the amount of virus particles can alter the disinfectant's effectiveness. [39,46]. Despite the findings, it is important to highlight that 70% alcohol and other disinfectants are still efficient at decreasing infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effectiveness of Household Disinfection Techniques to Remove SARS-Cov-2 from Cloth Masks

Mares-Guia¹,

Paiva²,

Mello³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To assess the efficacy of washing cloth masks, we simulated SARS-CoV-2 contamination in tricoline fabric and tested decontaminants to reduce viral particles. Viral suspensions using two variants (B.1.1.28 and P.1) were inoculated in these fabrics, and the inactivation kinetics were evaluated after washing with various household disinfection products (Soap powder, Lysoform®, Hypochlorite sodium and 70% Alcohol), rinse numbers, and exposure times. Afterward, the fabrics were washed in sterile water, viral RNA extracted and amplified using RT-qPCR. Finally, viral replication in cell cultures was examined. Our findings show that all biocidal treatments successfully disinfected the tissue tested. Some products showed less reduction in viral loads, Soap powder (1.60 x 104, 1.04 x 103), Soap powder and Lysoform® (1.60 x 104, 1.04 x 103) and Alcohol 70% (1.02 x 103, 5.91 x 101) respectively. However, when sodium hypochlorite was used, this reduction was significantly increased (viral inactivation in 100% of the washes). After the first wash, the reduction of viral particles was greater for the P.1 variant than for the B.1.1.28 variant (W = 51759, p 0.05). In conclusion the sodium hypochlorite role on cloth masks disinfection may also have implications for future health emergencies as well as recommended by WHO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effectiveness of Household Disinfection Techniques to Remove SARS-Cov-2 from Cloth Masks

Mares-Guia¹,

Paiva²,

Mello³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In the absence of targeted antiviral medications, ABHS have been one of the frontline measures in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 which is an enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA is susceptible to damage by alcohol [105]. This principle has been exploited by ABHS to denature the proteins surrounding the envelope which eventually blocks the capsid to attach to the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 towards Alcohols: Potential for Alcohol-Related Toxicity in Humans

Deb

2021

Life

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative organism that is highly contagious and has been responsible for more than 240 million cases and 5 million deaths worldwide. Using masks, soap-based hand washing, and maintaining social distancing are some of the common methods to prevent the spread of the virus. In the absence of any preventive medications, from the outset of pandemic, alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) have been one of the first-line measures to control transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 towards ABHS and understand their potential adverse effects on humans. Ethanol and isopropanol have been the most commonly used alcohols in ABHS (e.g., gel, solution, spray, wipes, or foam) with alcohol in the range of 70–85% v/v in World Health Organization or Food and Drug Administration-approved ABHS. The denaturation of proteins around the envelope of SARS-CoV-2 positive sense single-stranded RNA virus is the major mechanism of action of ABHS. Due to frequent use of high-percentage alcohol-containing ABHS over an extended period of time, the oral, dermal, or pulmonary absorption is a possibility. In addition to the systemic toxicity, topical adverse effects such as contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis are plausible and have been reported during COVID-19. ABHS appear to be effective in controlling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with the concern of oral, dermal, or pulmonary absorption.

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“…Briefly, a 10-fold serial dilution of the virus was inoculated into cells in a 96-well plate in tetraplicate or octuplicate and incubated for 7 days to check for CPE. Based on this result, infectivity was calculated and expressed as TCID 50 /ml, as described previously ( Nomura et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medium was harvested after 24 h, and viral infectivity was assayed by the TCID 50 method. The logarithm of infectivity titer and reagent concentration in the medium were plotted and an approximation straight-line was drawn to calculate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ), as described previously ( Nomura et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms

et al. 2022

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Several traditional Japanese Kampo formulas are known to have inhibitory effects on infections with viruses that cause respiratory symptoms. Although some herbs and their components have been reported to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, it is difficult to compare effective Kampo formulas because of the different methods used in studies. Thus, we carried out in vitro experiments on the suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection by Kampo formulas and crude drugs used for the common cold to compare their suppressive effects on virus infection. After infecting VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells with SARS-CoV-2, lysates of the Kampo formulas and crude drugs were added, and after 24 h, the infectious titer in the medium was measured by the TCID50 method. Maoto was the most effective among the Kampo formulas, and Ephedrae herba was the most effective among the constituent crude drugs. However, a comparison of the suppressive effects of Ephedrae herba and Kampo formulas containing Ephedrae herba showed that the suppressive effect on virus infection did not depend on the content of Ephedrae herba. Based on the results, we believe that the use of Maoto among Kampo formulas is suitable as a countermeasure against COVID-19.

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Ethanol Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Enveloped Viruses

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Effectiveness of Household Disinfection Techniques to Remove SARS-Cov-2 from Cloth Masks

Effectiveness of Household Disinfection Techniques to Remove SARS-Cov-2 from Cloth Masks

Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 towards Alcohols: Potential for Alcohol-Related Toxicity in Humans

In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms

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