In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms

Kakimoto, Masaki; Nomura, Toshihito; Nazmul, Tanuza; Kitagawa, Hirohisa; Kanno, Keishi; Ogawa‐Ochiai, Keiko; Ohge, Hiroki; Ito, Masanori; Sakaguchi, Takemasa

doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.804103

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Mahuang decoctions (Ephedrae herba) are largely used in China to treat asthma, liver disease, skin disease, and other diseases [4,5]. Ephedrae herba (Maoto) is also used in traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) [159,160], based notably on the cultivation of E. sinica [161]. The same species is also used in the Republic of Korea, notably to combat obesity [162,163].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species

Chroho,

Bailly,

Bouissane

2024

Planta Med

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Ephedra species are among the most popular herbs used in traditional medicine for a long time. The ancient Chinese medical book “Treatise on Febrile Diseases” refers to the classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription Ge Gen decoction, which consists of seven herbs, including an Ephedra species. Ephedra species are utilized all over the world to treat symptoms of the common cold and coughs, and to combat major human diseases, such as asthma, cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and digestive disorders, and microbial infections. This study aimed at identifying specific Ephedra species used traditionally in Morocco for therapeutic purposes. The plant parts, their preparation process, and the treated pathologies were identified and analyzed. The results revealed five ethnobotanically important species of Ephedra: Ephedra alata Decne, Ephedra altissima Desf., Ephedra distachya L., Ephedra fragilis Desf., and Ephedra nebrodensis Tineo. These species are used traditionally in Morocco for treating people with diabetes, cancer, rheumatism, cold and asthma, hypertension, influenza virus infection, and respiratory ailments. In addition, they are occasionally used as calefacient agents, to regulate weight, or for capillary care. Few studies have underlined the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some of these Moroccan Ephedra species, but little information is available regarding the natural products at the origin of the bioactivities. Further phytochemical investigations and clinical data are encouraged to better support the use of these plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species

Chroho,

Bailly,

Bouissane

2024

Planta Med

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“…Ephedrine has been shown to ameliorate respiratory symptoms by distributing ephedrine in the lung ( Matsumoto et al, 2017 ). Maoto has also been shown to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro experiments ( Kakimoto et al, 2022 ). Post-exposure prophylaxis with maoto has also shown efficacy in healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 ( Nabeshima et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicenter, randomized controlled trial of traditional Japanese medicine, kakkonto with shosaikotokakikyosekko, for mild and moderate coronavirus disease patients

et al. 2022

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The traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, kakkonto with shosaikotokakikyosekko, has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. In this randomized trial, patients with mild and moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were randomly allocated to the control group receiving conventional treatment for symptom relief such as antipyretics and antitussives or the Kampo group receiving mixed extract granules of kakkonto (2.5 g) and shosaikotokakikyosekko (2.5 g) three times a day for 14 days in addition to conventional treatment. The main outcome was the number of days until total symptom relief. The secondary outcome was the number of days until each symptom’s relief and whether the disease progressed to respiratory failure. We enrolled a total of 161 patients (Kampo group, n = 81; control group, n = 80). The results from Kaplan–Meier estimates of symptom relief showed that there are no significant differences between the groups. However, covariate-adjusted cumulative incidence of fever relief considering competitive risk showed that the recovery was significantly faster in the Kampo group than in the control group (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03–3.01). Additionally, the risk of disease progression to moderate COVID-19 requiring oxygen inhalation was lower in the Kampo group than in the control group (Risk Difference −0.13, 95% CI −0.27–0.01). No significant drug-related side effects were observed. Kakkonto with shosaikotokakikyosekko is effective for fever relief with suppression of disease progression in COVID-19 patients.Clinical Trial Registration:https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs021200020, identifier [jRCTs021200020]

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“…Several crude drugs including Ephedrae Herba have been reported to exhibit inhibitory effects against particular viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [8][9][10]. However, to our knowledge, the effects of crude drugs on HuNoV infection have not yet been tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of Ephedra herba on human norovirus infection in human intestinal organoids

Hayashi

Murakami

Ando

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases worldwide with public health concern, yet no antiviral therapies have been developed. In this study, we aimed to screen crude drugs, which are components of Japanese traditional medicine, Kampo to see their effects on HuNoV infection using a reproducible HuNoV cultivation system, stem-cell derived human intestinal organoids/enteroids (HIOs). Among the 23 crude drugs tested, Ephedra herba significantly inhibited HuNoV infection in HIOs. A time-of-drug addition experiment indicated that this crude drug likely targets post-entry step for the inhibition. To our knowledge, this is the first anti-HuNoV inhibitor screen targeting crude drugs, and Ephedra herba was identified as a novel inhibitor candidate that merits further study.

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In vitro Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Existing Kampo Formulas and Crude Constituent Drugs Used for Treatment of Common Cold Respiratory Symptoms

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species

Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species

Multicenter, randomized controlled trial of traditional Japanese medicine, kakkonto with shosaikotokakikyosekko, for mild and moderate coronavirus disease patients

Inhibitory effect of Ephedra herba on human norovirus infection in human intestinal organoids

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