Ethanol Sclerotherapy of Venous Malformations: Evaluation of Systemic Ethanol Contamination

Gross Hemoglobinuria and Oliguria Are Common Transient Complications of Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformations: Review of 475 Procedures

“…The plasma ethanol level is directly proportional to the amount of ethanol injected and not dependent on the VM morphology, venous drainage, or injection technique (11).…”

Thromboelastographic® monitoring of the efficacy of recombinant factor VIIa administration in a parturient with factor VII deficiency

“…However, he was profoundly hypoglycemic, with a serum glucose of 14 mg·dL -1 . While dextrose 50% increased his serum glucose to 112 mg·dL 1 , a peripheral blood smear showed "poc marks" on approximately 1% of erythrocytes. He was diagnosed with intravascular hemolysis secondary to the systemic absorption of anhydrous alcohol.…”

“…Multiple complications have been reported, including ethanol intoxication, intravascular hemolysis, hematuria, hyperthermia, elevated creatinine, hypoglycemia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, skin necrosis, and skin blistering. [1][2][3] The serum concentration of alcohol is proportional to the amount of alcohol injected. 1 This is the first reported case involving a young pediatric patient, and suggests that the effects of anhydrous alcohol are similar to those observed in older patients.…”

“…Reports suggest that the incidence of hemoglobinuria is not related to the alcohol level. 1 Up to 28% of patients have been reported to have hemoglobinuria during alcohol ablation.…”

“…They suggested that TEG ® analysis, which measures whole blood coagulation, as a possible promising technique. 1 We compared the efficacy of FFP vs rFVIIa in a parturient with congenital factor VII deficiency using TEG ® analysis. We showed that a single infusion of 30 µg·kg -1 of rFVIIa in this patient prior to Cesarean section normalized the PT and INR and decreased the Rvalue from 5.6 min to 3.2 min.…”