Disorders Affecting Cutaneous Vasculature

Abstract

Skin is rich in blood and lymphatic vessels. These can undergo abnormal development generating localized lesions, which are called vascular anomalies. On the basis of clinical and biological criteria, they are divided into vascular tumours and vascular malformations. This classification has been adopted by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies and used to cover all reported entities. The identification of disease‐causing genes associated with precise clinical delineation of the phenotypes has become the foundation for better management of these diseases. It has been established that the rare familial forms follow a paradominant inheritance with a combination of a germinal mutation and a local somatic second‐hit, whereas somatic/mosaic genetic defects cause the more common sporadic vascular malformations. Links between phenotypes and genotypes have been unravelled for several vascular malformations.

Focal cutaneous telangiectasia in a young dog of probable congenital origin

“…Capillary haemangiomas are typically blue to purple elevated lesions, characterised by the proliferation of blood‐filled vascular spaces lined with a single layer of well‐differentiated endothelial cells (Dompmartin et al. 2015; Gross et al. 2005).…”

“…Cutaneous vascular anomalies form a heterogeneous disease group that would be categorised into tumours and malformations in human medicine according to clinical and biological criteria (Calonje et al., 2015; Dompmartin et al., 2015; Goldsmith et al., 2015; ISSVA, 2018). A new classification (International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies [ISSVA], 2018) for human vascular anomalies has been proposed in 2018 by the ISSVA.…”

“…cutaneous angiomatosis and telangiectasias were clinically considered as the major clinical differential diagnosis. Capillary haemangiomas are typically blue to purple elevated lesions, characterised by the proliferation of blood-filled vascular spaces lined with a single layer of well-differentiated endothelial cells(Dompmartin et al 2015;Gross et al 2005). Cutaneous vascular naevi occur on the scrotum (synonyms: scrotal vascular hamartomas) and occasionally elsewhere in dogs(Muller et al, 2012;Sugai et al, 1998;Trappler et al, 2014).…”