“…Although chronic excess alcohol intake has been associated with irreversible hearing loss (Rosenhall et al, 1993) and acute alcohol intake may temporarily impair auditory processing and worsen auditory thresholds (Fitzpatrick and Eviatar, 1980; Hienz et al, 1989; Kahkonen et al, 2005; Liu et al, 2004; Pearson et al, 1999; Robinette and Brey, 1978; Upile et al, 2007), some evidence suggests that long-term moderate alcohol intake may protect against hearing loss (Gopinath et al, 2010; Popelka et al, 2000). Reversible auditory changes that have been demonstrated following acute alcohol ingestion include temporary worsening of auditory thresholds, poorer speech discrimination, elevation of the acoustic reflex threshold, and impaired processing of tones, frequency change and novel sounds (Fitzpatrick and Eviatar, 1980; Kahkonen et al, 2005; Pearson et al, 1999; Robinette and Brey, 1978; Upile et al, 2007).…”