Ethanol Metabolism in Various Racial Groups

Fenna, D.; Schæfer, Otto; Mix, L.; Gilbert, J. A. L.

doi:10.1515/9783110818895.227

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The type of A L D H of their subjects is unknown. In contrast, Fenna et al (1971) reported that the rate of alcohol metabolism, after intravenous injection, was significantly higher in Caucasians than Mongoloids (i.e., 145 mg/kg/ hr and 105 mg/kg/hr respectively). The types of ADH and A L D H of these subjects are unknown.…”

Section: Usualmentioning

confidence: 88%

Molecular basis of difference in alcohol metabolism between Orientals and Caucasians

Yoshida

1982

Jap J Human Genet

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SummaryThe human cytosol alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) controlled by ADH2 locus is known to be polymorphic. Most Caucasians have the usual enzyme consisting of the usual ~1 subunit, while nearly 90~ of Orientals have the atypical /~2 subunit. At the physiological pH, the cytosol enzyme activity of the atypical liver is much higher than that of the typical liver. It has been suggested that a high frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among Orientals could be related to the rapid accumulation of acetaldehyde due to the atypical ADH. Human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is also polymorphic. Virtually all Caucasians have two major isozymes, i.e., ALDH-1 and ALDH-2, while about 50~ of Orientals have only ALDH-1, missing ALDH-2 component. Since ALDH-2 has high affinity to acetaldehyde, the high incidence of alcohol sensitivity in Orientals could be related to the accumulation of acetaldehyde due to the lack of ALDH-2 component. The usual ADH homodimer ~1/71 and the atypical homodimer ~2/~2 were purified to homogeneity. The specific activity of the atypical enzyme was nearly three orders of magnitude higher than the usual enzyme at the physiological pH. The usual enzyme was rapidly inactivated by iodoacetate, indicating an existence of the "active site cysteine'" in the molecule. In contrast, the atypical enzyme was resistant against the iodoacetate inactivation. Peptide mapping analysis revealed that the active site cysteine in the usual ~1 subunit is replaced by histidine in the atypical 82 subunit. In the usual ~1~1 enzyme, like horse enzyme, the catalytic Zn is expected to link to the sensitive cysteine at position 47, histidine at position 67, and cysteine at presumably position 174, thus making up the active site. In contrast, the active site of the atypical ~2~2 enzyme is expected to consist of the catalytic Zn linked to histidine at position 47, histidine at position 67, and cysteine at position around 174. The functional abnormalities of the atypical enzyme can be correlated to its molecular abnormality. 55

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Section: Usualmentioning

confidence: 88%

Molecular basis of difference in alcohol metabolism between Orientals and Caucasians

Yoshida

1982

Jap J Human Genet

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“…Genetic factor (ADH2 polymorphisms etc.) is a main reason for distribution of tolerance to alcohol throughout the population [3,4]. Certain activities of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases provide a certain resistance to alcoholism in different nationalities [5].…”

Section: Doi: 1012740/app/58735mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of alcohol dependence in indigenous peoples in Northern Siberia.

Savchenko¹,

Бохан²,

Plotnikov³

2015

Arch Psych Psych

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SummaryAim. This is a statistical and clinical analysis of overall morbidity, characteristics of alcohol dependence and alcohol psychosis of the indigenous population in North Siberia (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District). Subjects. The basic indices which characterize the dynamics of alcohol dependence and alcohol psychosis in the indigenous peoples of North Siberia are identified. As indicators of comparison, we looked at the mean age at onset of alcohol drinking, duration of the first stage of alcoholism, alcohol tolerance, the mean age of the appearance of drinking bouts, the mean age at first and the total number of hospitalizations, and the duration of remission. Results. A more malignant course and main traits of alcohol dependence were observed in the indigenous population alongside a 147% increase in the number of patients with psychoses monitored for addiction over the period [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012]. Discussion. Differences between the indigenous peoples and newcomers associated with specific metabolic features of the natives are the background for their progredient alcohol dependence. Easy access to alcohol in recent decades is a threat to health of the indigenous peoples. Conclusions. A more severe course of alcoholism among the indigenous population of North Siberia leads to the destruction of traditional lifestyles and a reduction of the indigenous population in the northern territories of the Russian Federation. alcohol dependence / alcohol psychosis / indigenous peoples of north Siberia

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“…As for the rapid development of alcoholic dependence in the natives of high-latitude regions, it is probably caused by the specificity of their biochemical processes. It was long ago noticed by researchers that the ethanol metabolism in the northerners is rather slow, and ethanol concentration remains high for a longer period and considerably exceeds the "normal" level for Europeans (Fenna et al, 1971). However, no congruent concept has been offered so far for the explanation of this phenomenon.…”

Section: The Health Consequences Of Modernizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Peoples of Northern Russia: Anthropology and Health

Kozlov¹,

Vershubsky²,

Kozlova³

2007

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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CHS is an independent publication series and publishes a wide variety of material in the field of circumpolar health and wellbeing. It is intended that the produced material is of considerable value for health care professionals and officials in circumpolar areas, or may otherwise be useful for health care development and practices in the circumpolar areas. It is planned, and depending on our clients and collaborators needs, that we will publish a varying amount of supplements annually. At this moment the first issue of the Circumpolar Health Supplements is available at the web pages of Int J Circumpolar Health (IJCH) (www.ijch.fi). This issue has also been distributed to all subscribers of IJCH free of charge. At present we are preparing to include the new supplement series in the different indexes. How to subscribe, how to conduct group orders of hard copies, and other practical issues will be detailed at the web pages of IJCH. This information will be also be indicated in the coming issues of IJCH and the next issue of CHS, which will be published in

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Ethanol Metabolism in Various Racial Groups

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular basis of difference in alcohol metabolism between Orientals and Caucasians

Molecular basis of difference in alcohol metabolism between Orientals and Caucasians

Analysis of alcohol dependence in indigenous peoples in Northern Siberia.

Indigenous Peoples of Northern Russia: Anthropology and Health

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