Ethanol Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity Does Sex Make a Difference?

Thiel, David H. Van; Gavaler, Judith S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7718-8_16

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Jacobson's CT study (1986) examined some of these issues. Its findings are consistent with studies of liver disease (VanThiel and Gavaler, 1988) and neuropsychological functioning (Hochla and Parsons, 1982;Acker etal., 1986) in suggesting that women are more vulnerable than men to the effects of alcohol. In an independent group design Jacobsen found that alcoholic women had similar levels of ventricular enlargement compared to alcoholic men, but after drinking less alcohol for shorter periods.…”

Section: Gendersupporting

confidence: 90%

Neuroimaging in alcoholism: CT and MRI results and clinical correlates

Mann

Mundle

Strayle

et al. 1995

J. Neural Transmission

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For more than a century we have known the deleterious effects of alcohol on the brain regions surrounding the third ventricle and on the cerebellum. But it was only recently that we gained clearer evidence that the cortex is affected as well. Our imaging studies show that brain shrinkage is at least partially reversible once abstinence is maintained. They confirm results obtained in different laboratories from all over the world. Although our data contradict the rehydration hypothesis and thus lend credence to the idea of regeneration and neuroplasticity, the nature of reversibility is still a matter of debate.

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Section: Gendersupporting

confidence: 90%

Neuroimaging in alcoholism: CT and MRI results and clinical correlates

Mann

Mundle

Strayle

et al. 1995

J. Neural Transmission

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“…For alcoholic men, the blood alcohol level achieved was significantly greater than for nonalcoholic men given the same dose of ethanol. 26 For alcoholic women, the differences in blood alcohol levels were even greater compared to nonalcoholic women. 26 In fact, alcoholic women appear to lose the gastric protective mechanism normally provided by the first-pass metabolism of alcohol and are dependent upon the liver for ethanol detoxification, the organ also responsible for glucose output.…”

Section: Alcohol Consumption and Sex Differences In Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 For alcoholic women, the differences in blood alcohol levels were even greater compared to nonalcoholic women. 26 In fact, alcoholic women appear to lose the gastric protective mechanism normally provided by the first-pass metabolism of alcohol and are dependent upon the liver for ethanol detoxification, the organ also responsible for glucose output. Finally, the difference in gastric ADH between nonalcoholic men and women appears to disappear after 50 years of age.…”

Section: Alcohol Consumption and Sex Differences In Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex Differences in Hepatic Gluconeogenic Capacity After Chronic Alcohol Consumption

Sumida

Hill

Matveyenko³

2007

Clinical Medicine & Research

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Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia has traditionally been attributed to the amount of ethanol consumed rather than any inherent decline in glucose output capacity by the gluconeogenic organs and/or an increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Further, while the potential for sex differences that might impact glucose homeostasis following chronic alcohol consumption has been recognized, direct evidence has been noticeably absent. This paper will provide a brief review of past and present reports of the potential for sex differences in glucose homeostasis following chronic ethanol consumption. This paper will also provide direct evidence from our laboratory demonstrating sex differences from chronic alcohol consumption resulting in a decrement in glucose appearance and more importantly, a specific decline in hepatic gluconeogenic (HGN) capacity in the absence and presence of ethanol. All our studies involved 8 weeks of chronic alcohol consumption in male and female Wistar rats, as well as a 24 to 48 hour fast to deplete hepatic glycogen stores. Under the conditions of chronic alcohol consumption and an acute dose of ethanol, we provide in vivo evidence of an early decline in whole body glucose appearance in females fed an ethanol diet compared to controls.While the decline was also observed in males fed the alcohol diet, it occurred much later compared to ethanol fed females. The site for the decline in whole body glucose production (i.e., either the kidneys or the liver) was beyond the scope of our prior in vivo study. In a follow-up study using the in situ perfused liver preparation, we provide additional evidence for a specific reduction in HGN capacity from lactate in ethanol fed females compared to ethanol fed males in the absence of alcohol in the perfusion medium. Finally, employing the isolated hepatocyte technique, we report decrements in HGN from lactate in ethanol fed females compared to ethanol fed males in the presence of ethanol in the incubation medium.The mechanism for the specific decline in HGN within the liver of ethanol fed females remains to be determined.To the extent that our observations in animals can be extrapolated to humans, we conclude that alcoholic women are more susceptible to ethanol-induced hypoglycemia compared to alcoholic men.

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“…ADH activity in the liver with respect to gender-dependent differences has also been examined in humans in several studies [15,19,23,24,37]. Mezey et al [23] also determined in these studies that patients eliminate ethanol faster after a bilateral orchiectomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%