Ethanol drinking, brain mitochondrial DNA, polyunsaturated fatty acids and effects of dietary anthocyanins

Abstract

Anthocyanins Brain Polyunsaturated fatty acids Mitochondrial DNA s u m m a r yBackground: This study aimed at exploring whether moderate ethanol drinking may have adverse effects on the fatty acids composition and on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of rat brain. A secondary aim was to examine whether dietary antioxidant anthocyanins (ACN) can be protective. Methods: One group of rats received ethanol 12% and another water as an exclusive liquid to drink for 8 weeks. In order to test the impact of ACN consumption, two other groups of rats were fed an ACN-rich diet in combination with either ethanol or water. Brain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography and mtDNA alterations, markers of mitochondrial suffering, were studied through an original real-time qPCR-based protocol. Results: Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and eicosadienoic acid (20:2n-6) were significantly decreased, by 12% and 31% respectively, in the brains of both ethanol groups. The other brain lipids, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, were not modified. These changes were associated with a

The Therapeutic Potential of Anthocyanins: Current Approaches Based on Their Molecular Mechanism of Action

“…In the CNS, a specific innate immune system, consisting of resting or activated glial cells, protects the nervous system against pathogens or injuries, but an excessive or prolonged inflammatory response may contribute to neuronal apoptosis and may facilitate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (Russo and Mcgavern, 2015) Many dietary ACNs contain multiple ACNs compounds with neuroprotective effects. Dietary ACNs from blue corn protected brain from the mitochondrial DNA common deletion (mtDNA CD) induced by a moderate ethanol consumption (Demeilliers et al, 2017). Finally, we showed that the administration of ACN-rich purple corn extract has a protective effect on the development of orofacial allodynia in an in vivo model of inflammatory trigeminal pain, and that it reduces trigeminal macrophage infiltration and microglial activation both in vivo and in vitro (Magni et al, 2018).…”

“…Many dietary ACNs contain multiple ACNs compounds with neuroprotective effects. Dietary ACNs from blue corn protected brain from the mitochondrial DNA common deletion (mtDNA CD) induced by a moderate ethanol consumption ( Demeilliers et al, 2017 ). Finally, we showed that the administration of ACN-rich purple corn extract has a protective effect on the development of orofacial allodynia in an in vivo model of inflammatory trigeminal pain, and that it reduces trigeminal macrophage infiltration and microglial activation both in vivo and in vitro ( Magni et al, 2018 ).…”

Unleashing nature's potential and limitations: Exploring molecular targeted pathways and safe alternatives for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (Review)

“…For instance, ACNs found in blue maize have been shown to shield the brain from the mitochondrial DNA common deletion that is caused by moderate ethanol intake. ACN-rich purple corn extract lowers trigeminal macrophage infiltration and microglia activation both in vivo and in vitro and protects against the development of orofacial allodynia in an in vivo model of inflammatory trigeminal pain ( 152 , 153 ). Moreover, purple corn has neuroprotective effects equivalent to the anti-inflammatory properties of acetylsalicylic acid, which do not alter microglial activity ( 152 , 153 ).…”

Polyphenol and Tannin Nutraceuticals and Their Metabolites: How the Human Gut Microbiota Influences Their Properties

“…In vivo, many anthocyanin compounds have shown neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, comparable to those of acetylsalicylic acid [ 85 , 86 ]. According to several epidemiological and human intervention studies, anthocyanin administration could be a reducing factor for the risk of cardiovascular diseases, due to their anti-thrombotic effects [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ].…”