Etest Methods for Screening Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) strains

Lee, Min Young; Lee, Wooin; Kim, Myeong Hee; Kang, So Young; Kim, Young Jin

doi:10.1007/s00284-020-02123-y

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…The Hiramatsu group defi ned the third category of vancomycin resistance, heterogeneous VISA (hVISA), which shows suspectible MICs (≤2 μg/mL), but produces VISA cells in its cell population at a frequency of 10 -6 or greater [38]. The reported detection methods of hVISA include, for example, macro Etest method [39], population analyses profi le-area under curve (PAP-AUC) method [32,[40][41][42], and micro broth dilution method [43]. hVISA is not routinely diagnosed in clinical labs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility: An Emerging Trend?

Yamamoto¹,

Khokhlova²,

Wan

et al. 2020

Medical University

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. This class of MRSA, first reported in the early 1960s and now termed healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), was followed by a newer class of MRSA, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). The unique feature of the initial CAMRSA included Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), an abscess-associated toxin and also S. aureus spread factor. CA-MRSA usually causes skin and soft-tissue infections, but occasionally causes invasive infections, including (necrotizing) pneumonia, sometimes preceded by respiratory virus infections. The most successful CA-MRSA USA300 (ST8/SCCmecIVa) caused an epidemic in the United States. In Russia, we first detected PVL-positive CAMRSA (ST30/SCCmecIVc) in Vladivostok in 2006, but with no more PVL-positive MRSA isolation. However, we recently isolated four lineages of PVL-positive MRSA in Krasnoyarsk. Regarding chemotherapy against invasive MRSA infections, vancomycin still remains a gold standard, in addition to some other anti-MRSA agents such as teicoplanin, linezolid, and daptomycin. For resistance, vancomycin-resistant MRSA (VRSA) with MICs of ≥16 μg/mL appeared in patients, but cases are still limited. However, clinically, infections from strains with MICs of ≥1.5 μg/mL, even albeit with susceptible MICs (≤2 μg/mL), respond poorly to vancomycin. Some of those bacteria have been bacteriologically characterized as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA), generally with HA-MRSA genetic backgrounds. The features of the above PVL-positive Krasnoyarsk MRSA include reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, which meets the criteria of hVISA. In this review, we discuss a possible new trend of PVL-positive hVISA, which may spread and threaten human health in community settings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility: An Emerging Trend?

Yamamoto¹,

Khokhlova²,

Wan

et al. 2020

Medical University

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Global distribution of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strains (1997–2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Keikha,

Karbalaei

2024

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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Multiomics characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates with heterogeneous intermediate resistance to vancomycin (hVISA) in Latin America

Castro

Ríos

Carvajal

et al. 2022

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Background Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) compromise the clinical efficacy of vancomycin. The hVISA isolates spontaneously produce vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) cells generated by diverse and intriguing mechanisms. Objective To characterize the biomolecular profile of clinical hVISA applying genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Methods 39 hVISA and 305 VSSA and their genomes were included. Core genome-based Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions were built and alterations in predicted proteins in VISA/hVISA were interrogated. Linear discriminant analysis and a Genome-Wide Association Study were performed. Differentially expressed genes were identified in hVISA-VSSA by RNA-sequencing. The undirected profiles of metabolites were determined by liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction in six CC5-MRSA. Results Genomic relatedness of MRSA associated to hVISA phenotype was not detected. The change Try38 → His in Atl (autolysin) was identified in 92% of the hVISA. We identified SNPs and k-mers associated to hVISA in 11 coding regions with predicted functions in virulence, transport systems, carbohydrate metabolism and tRNA synthesis. Further, capABCDE, sdrD, esaA, esaD, essA and ssaA genes were overexpressed in hVISA, while lacABCDEFG genes were downregulated. Additionally, valine, threonine, leucine tyrosine, FAD and NADH were more abundant in VSSA, while arginine, glycine and betaine were more abundant in hVISA. Finally, we observed altered metabolic pathways in hVISA, including purine and pyrimidine pathway, CoA biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis. Conclusions Our results show that the mechanism of hVISA involves major changes in regulatory systems, expression of virulence factors and reduction in glycolysis via TCA cycle. This work contributes to the understanding of the development of this complex resistance mechanism in regional strains.

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Etest Methods for Screening Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) strains

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility: An Emerging Trend?

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility: An Emerging Trend?

Global distribution of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strains (1997–2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Multiomics characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates with heterogeneous intermediate resistance to vancomycin (hVISA) in Latin America

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