Estudo de alcaloides &#946;-carbolínicos dos  frutos de <i>Passiflora alata</i> e de <i>Passiflora edulis</i> utilizando SBSE, LC/Flu e LC/MS

Abstract

AGRADECIMENTOSAgradeço imensamente a todos que contribuíram para minha formação ao longo desses dois anos de mestrado.Começo agradecendo muito ao meu pai, Petronilio, minha mãe, Tania, e minha irmã, Dayane, por todo o apoio demonstrado ao longo de meu caminho até aqui.Não posso deixar de agradecer minha orientadora, Janete, que tanto auxiliou em minha formação, sendo uma orientadora muito presente, sempre disposta a discutir e me questionando sobre cada aspecto do trabalho. Ao técnico do laboratório, Benedito, um amigo que fiz durante o mestrado, e que me ajudou muito no desenvolvimento do trabalho. À Renata Colombo, que sempre esteve disposta a ajudar como fosse possível ao decorrer do trabalho. Ao Leandro Arriveti pelo auxílio nas análises por LC/MS.Agradeço também a todos meus amigos, aos antigos, que continuaram muito presentes ao longo desses dois anos e aos que fiz durante esse período do mestrado. Em especial, gostaria de agradecer a parceria de uma pessoa com quem já tinha amizade desde a época de graduação, mas que durante o mestrado se tornou uma pessoa importantíssima nesse tempo em São Carlos, a grande amiga Mirelle Takaki.Agradeço ao CNPq pela bolsa concedida (Processo: 131094/2015-7) e à FAPESP pelo auxílio financeiro ao projeto (Processo: 21886-7/2013) alkaloids is a minor component of these fruits, however, the literature indicates that substances belonging to this group may have toxic activity. This work presents three specific objectives, in order to increase knowledge about the phytochemistry of P. edulis and P. alata and the application of SBSE as a sample preparation method:quantification of harmane and harmine in the pulp and in the seeds of P. alata using SBSE-PDMS and HPLC/Flu analysis; identification of β-carboline alkaloids in P. edulis peels using HPLC/Flu and UHPLC/MS analysis; study of the SBSE extraction process of norharmane using two different phases (PDMS and EGSilicone), by HPLC/Flu analysis. Quantification of harmane and harmine in the pulp and the seeds of P. alata was performed after sample preparation by SBSE-PDMS and analysis by HPLC/Flu. The concentration of harmane was 1,0328 . 10 -1 ± 3,1217 . 10 -3 µg L -1 in the pulp while the in the seeds it was found 7.4391 . 10 -5 ± 2.5501 . 10 -6 µg g -1 harmane. The concentrations of harmine were below the LOD and LOQ in the pulp and in the seeds of P. alata, respectively. For the identification of the β-carboline alkaloids in the peels of P. edulis, the extracts were prepared by using the classic method and analyzed by HPLC/Flu and UHPLC/MS, and the alkaloids norharmane, harmane, harmine, harmol and harmalol were identified. In the HPLC/Flu analysis of the extract of P. edulis peels prepared using SBSE-PDMS, the alkaloid norharmane was identified as a major constituent and, for this reason, it was performed a study about the extraction process of norharmane by SBSE, evaluating two different phases, PDMS and EG-Silicone, by using fractional factorial design, aiming to get the best percentage recovery. Defined the best condition...

Development and application of green and sustainable analytical methods for flavonoid extraction from Passiflora waste

“…The Passiflora ( Passifloraceae family) genus has more than 500 species distributed in Latin America, of which 83 are present in Brazil. Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg (yellow or sour passion fruit) and Passiflora alata (sweet passion fruit) are species of economic interest due to a large production of food products worldwide, especially juices and other beverages [ 8 , 9 ]. Nevertheless, while processing passion fruit, the peel, seeds and bagasse are considered as waste, although it is 75% of the fruit’s mass [ 10 ].…”

“…According to Freire [ 9 ], most of the research found in the literature for Passiflora aims at studying the chemical composition of its pulp and seed, with scarce studies that explore other parts of the passion fruit that are considered waste, such as the peels. Domínguez-Rodríguez et al [ 14 ] also mentioned the lack of information about the phenolic profile of passion fruit peels and the importance of these samples for the extraction of antioxidant compounds.…”