Estudio demográfico de los atributos morfológicos y productivos en poblaciones de llamas (<i>Lama glama</i>) de la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina

Hick, Michel Victor Hubert; Lamas, Hugo; Echenique, Juan Carlos Juárez; Prieto, Aldo R.; Castillo, Marcos; Frank, Eduardo

doi:10.1017/s1014233909990368

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A survey indicated that black, white and grey fibre fetch best prices (PROSAP, 2010). More than 80 percent of the Argentinian llama fibre is finer than 24 µm (Hick et al, 2009), which is equivalent to the Peruvian "superfine" (21-24 µm) class of commercial alpaca fibre. In comparison only 10 percent of Huacaya alpacas of Australian herds have fibre diameter below 24 µm (McGregor, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fleeces in-between SC and L are defined as hemiluster and fleeces in-between SC and DC are defined as intermediates. Following this definitions, Hick et al Furthermore, the results of Hick et al (2009) andFrank et al (2006a) indicate that according to the coat colour 41 percent of llamas were white, 27 percent were brown or tan coloured and 16 percent chestnut coloured. Only 16 percent were of other colours such as black, grey or mixed.…”

Section: Fibre Characteristics Of Llamasmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The average fleece weight of Pelados under on-farm conditions is seldom higher than 800 g, whereas Lanudos have fleeces weighing more than 1 000 g (Cancino et al, 2006). A comprehensive survey on llama types was undertaken by Hick et al (2009) covering six sites located between 3 500 and 4 500 masl in the departments of Santa Catalina, Rinconada, Cochinoca and Yavi of the province of Jujuy. A total number of 10 760 animals from 143 herds were included in the study.…”

Section: Fibre Characteristics Of Llamasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example Frank and Nuevo Freire (1985) observed 87 brown (58 percent) and 27 black (15 percent) animals in a herd of 150 llamas in the region of Laguna Blanca in Catamarca. Hick et al (2009) classified 50 percent of llamas as superfine (<21.9 µm), 33 percent fine (22-24.9 µm), 14 percent medium (25-29.9 µm) and only 2 percent as coarse (>30 respectively. An increase of average fibre diameter with age was also observed by Frank et al (2006b).…”

Section: Fibre Characteristics Of Llamasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fibre quality of South American camelids in Argentina: a review

Mueller

Rigalt

Lamas

et al. 2015

Anim. Genet. Resour.

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Argentina's annual camelid fibre production is estimated at 60 000 kg for llama (Lama glama), somewhat more than 2 000 kg for guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and about 845 kg for vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). The potential for increasing these amounts is huge considering that barely 30 percent of llamas are shorn and considering the size of the wild camelid population in the country. A compilation of published and unpublished work confirms that almost 50 percent of the llamas are single-coated, about 40 percent have white fleeces and that average fibre diameter is about 22 µm in the main llama production area. In general, there is a wide variation in fleece weights and fibre quality between and within herds. However, a llama fleece classing and pricing system is not yet in place to motivate implementation of breeding programmes. Guanaco and vicuña fleeces are double-coated but the fine undercoat represents more than 80 percent of the fleece weight. The proportion of down fibre remaining after mechanical dehairing is only 50 percent in guanacos and 70 percent in vicuñas. The guanaco undercoat fibre diameter is about 16 µm and vicuña fibre diameter is typically between 13 and 14 µm. Both fibres are relatively short. Research is needed to establish optimum shearing season and shearing frequency that results in fibre quality demanded for handcraft and industry in each of the three species. RésuméLa production annuelle de fibres de camélidés de l'Argentine est estimée à 60.000 kg pour le lama (Lama glama), à un peu plus de 2.000 kg pour le guanaco (Lama guanicoe) et à environ 845 kg pour la vigogne (Vicugna vicugna). Le potentiel d'accroissement de ces quantités est énorme compte tenu du fait qu'à peine le 30 pour cent des lamas sont tondus et compte tenu de la taille de la population de camélidés sauvages dans le pays. Une compilation de travaux publiés et non publiés confirme que pratiquement le 50 pour cent des lamas sont à couche unique (sans sous-poil), qu'environ le 40 pour cent ont des toisons blanches et que le diamètre moyen des fibres est de 22 µm dans la principale zone d'élevage de lamas. En général, il existe une grande variation inter-e intra-troupeaux dans le poids des toisons et dans la qualité des fibres. Malgré cela, un système de classement et de tarification des toisons des lamas n'a pas encore été mis en place pour motiver la mise en oeuvre de ce genre de programmes. Les toisons des guanacos et des vigognes sont à double poil mais la bourre représente plus du 80 pour cent du poids de la toison. La proportion de fibres du duvet restantes après épilage mécanique est seulement du 50 pour cent chez les guanacos et du 70 pour cent chez les vigognes. Le diamètre des fibres du duvet est de 16 µm chez le guanaco et de 13-14 µm chez la vigogne. Dans les deux cas, les fibres sont relativement courtes. Des travaux de recherche s'avèrent nécessaires pour déterminer la saison et la fréquence de tonte optimales donnant lieu à la qualité de fibre demandée par les artisans et l'industrie pour chacune des trois espèces.Mots-c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fibre Characteristics Of Llamasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Fibre Characteristics Of Llamasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fibre Characteristics Of Llamasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fibre quality of South American camelids in Argentina: a review

Mueller

Rigalt

Lamas

et al. 2015

Anim. Genet. Resour.

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“…(Hick et al . ). Compared with the guanaco, which has short fibers of 1.4–3.8 cm (Von Thüngen et al .…”

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confidence: 97%

Molecular characterization of the llama FGF5 gene and identification of putative loss of function mutations

et al. 2017

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Llama, the most numerous domestic camelid in Argentina, has good fiber-production ability. Although a few genes related to other productive traits have been characterized, the molecular genetic basis of fiber growth control in camelids is still poorly understood. Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) is a secreted signaling protein that controls hair growth in humans and other mammals. Mutations in the FGF5 gene have been associated with long-hair phenotypes in several species. Here, we sequenced the llama FGF5 gene, which consists of three exons encoding 813 bp. cDNA analysis from hair follicles revealed the expression of two FGF5 alternative spliced transcripts, in one of which exon 2 is absent. DNA variation analysis showed four polymorphisms in the coding region: a synonymous SNP (c.210A>G), a single base deletion (c.348delA), a 12-bp insertion (c.351_352insCATATAACATAG) and a non-sense mutation (c.499C>T). The deletion was always found together with the insertion forming a haplotype and producing a putative truncated protein of 123 amino acids. The c.499C>T mutation also leads to a premature stop codon at position 168. In both cases, critical functional domains of FGF5, including one heparin binding site, are lost. All animals analyzed were homozygous for one of the deleterious mutations or compound heterozygous for both (i.e. c.348delA, c.351_352insCATATAACATAG/c.499T). Sequencing of guanaco samples showed that the FGF5 gene encodes a full-length 270-amino acid protein. These results suggest that FGF5 is likely functional in short-haired wild species and non-functional in the domestic fiber-producing species, the llama.

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Identification of llama KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 fiber genes and polymorphism screening

Daverio

Anello

Ersinger

et al. 2019

Small Ruminant Research

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Keratin-associated proteins (KAP) are one of the main structural components of hair fiber. Within this protein group, high glycine tyrosine (HGT)-KAP play a crucial role in the definition of their physical-mechanical properties. Polymorphisms in HGT genes have been associated with the variation of different wool traits in sheeps and goats. The Argentine llama is a fiber-producing animal which is valued by the textile industry. However, the genes encoding for fiber proteins have not yet been identified in this species. Here, we focus on studying the HGT-KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 genes and their variation using the High Resolution Melting (HRM) technique in a sample of 117 llamas. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in KRTAP7-1, two of which were non-synonymous substitutions leading to amino acid changes in the protein. Of the 5 polymorphisms identified in KRTAP8-1, c.1-5A > G was located in the Kozak sequence, known to regulate protein synthesis level. The other four, two SNPs and one double nucleotide polymorphism (DNP), were found in the coding region and produced three amino acid replacement: c.43 T > C and c.45C > A (p.Y15Q), c.46 G > T (p.G16W) and c.173 A > G (p.Y58C). In summary, most of the polymorphisms found in both KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 genes produce non-conservative amino acid changes involving tyrosine and glycine residues, which are essential to maintain HGT protein properties. Therefore, these mutations as well as the regulatory SNP here identified could modify the fiber characteristics. We discuss the possible impact of these polymorphisms on KAP7-1 and KAP8-1 structure and/or interaction with other fiber proteins.

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Estudio demográfico de los atributos morfológicos y productivos en poblaciones de llamas (Lama glama) de la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Fibre quality of South American camelids in Argentina: a review

Fibre quality of South American camelids in Argentina: a review

Molecular characterization of the llama FGF5 gene and identification of putative loss of function mutations

Identification of llama KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 fiber genes and polymorphism screening

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