Estrogenic Effect of the Leaves from Katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) on Vaginal and Endometrial Atrophy in Perimenopausal Mice

Abstract

Objective: To examine the potency of estrogenic effect of Katuk (or star gooseberry or sweet leaf) Sauropus androgynus L. Merr (Phyllanthaceae) leaf extract on the vaginal and endometrial atrophy in perimenopausal mice model. Methods: Completely random experiments divided into 4 groups with 5 female mice in each group: control group (N), perimenopause group which induced by 4-vynil cyclohexene dioxide (VCD) (P0), perimenopause group followed by S. androgynus leaves extract administration with 15 and 30 mg/kg BW (P15 and P30). The mice were induced to artificial perimenopause with 160 mg/kg body weight (BW) of VCD 5 times/week for 2 weeks and continuously treated with S. androgynus leaf extract for 30 days. Vaginal smear examination, maturation index (MI), vaginal epithelium and endometrial thickness were observed. Data were analyzed using a standard one-way ANOVA with LSD Test by SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Results: Administration of S. androgynus leaf extract for 30 days to perimenopausal mice model significantly decreased the duration of mice diestrus phase (p<0.01) compared to perimenopause mice. S. androgynus leaf extract treatment at dose 30 mg/kg BW led to higher vaginal epithelium thickness and maturation index compared to another group (p<0.01). The effective dose to enhance the vaginal epithelial and endometrial cells proliferation was 30 mg/ kg BW. Conclusions: S. androgynus leaf extract had a good estrogenic action that it might be useful for therapy of vaginal and endometrial atrophy caused by perimenopause effect.

Physiological responses of Catfish liver to katuk extract, turmeric powder, and vitamin C supplemented in the diet during ovarium development

“…Katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus) contain secondary metabolite compounds such as sterol compounds, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, and (Awaludin et al 2020) Potential estrogenic effects on S. androgenus have an impact on the reproductive process, and katuk extract has direct and indirect effects on the reproductive system, which is related to estrogen receptors; apart from that, it also contains iso avone compounds and acts as an agent similar to estrogen and phytoestrogen which shows potential estrogenic properties (Hikmah & Susilowati, 2017;Susilowati et al, 2020). Each treatment group with the addition of katuk extract showed high HSI values, which proves that the estrogen compounds contained in katuk extract stimulate growth and development of the livers of cat sh.…”