“…Historically, research conducted on mechanisms of tissue repair and regeneration focused on male samples and pathologies that were assumed to be directly translated to female tissue and disease. However, an individual's biological sex significantly affects their ability to regenerate functional tissue [163]. Examples include the reduced ability for women to heal and regenerate new, healthy epidermis [164], cartilage [165], fibrocartilage [166], bone [167], skeletal muscle [168,169], smooth muscle [168,169], cardiac muscle [168,169], adipose [170], and neural tissue [171] after menopause, which results from a significant loss of sex hormone signaling and disproportionately enhances the risk for many degenerative diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease.…”