Estrogen-induced pancreatitis in patients with previously covert familial Type V hyperlipoproteinemia

Effects of low dosage progestin-only administration upon plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein metabolism in postmenopausal women.

“…The present findings with low dosage dl-norgestrel in women with ovarian failure provide new insights into progestin effects on lipoprotein metabolism and may have implications both for the design of progestin-only and combined estrogen/ progestin oral contraceptives for premenopausal women and the formulation ofperhaps more widely acceptable continuous low dosage female hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women (2), including those in whom moderate hypertriglyceridemia (46) may pose a risk of coronary heart disease and more severe hypertriglyceridemia may pose a risk ofestrogen-induced pancreatitis (47,48 …”

Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of acute pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study

“…Except for case reports, [5][6][7][8][9][10] the epidemiologic data on the association between postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and acute pancreatitis are sparse. Only 1 case-control study (n = 1054 cases of acute pancreatitis), 15 which used data from prescription databases and hospital registers in Denmark, has examined the risk of acute pancreatitis associated with current and past use of hormone replacement therapy (defined as a prescription for such therapy within 1-90 or 91-365 days, respectively).…”

“…Most case reports on estrogen-induced pancreatitis have reported concurrent hypertriglyceridemia. [7][8][9][10][11][12]14 Use of hormone replacement therapy may elevate triglycerides, 30 which, even at moderately elevated levels, have been associated with increased risk of acute pancreatitis. 31 The role of triglycerides in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is not fully understood, but a key event is thought to be accumu lation of free fatty acids in the pancreas after hydrolysis of triglycerides by pancreatic lipase.…”

“…1 Besides well-established risk factors such as alcohol abuse and gallstone disease, 2 the use of certain prescription drugs has been suspected as a cause of acute pancreatitis (as reviewed by Trivedi and Pitchumoni 3 and by Nitsche and associates 4 ). Hormone replacement therapy, which is widely used to relieve postmenopausal symptoms, may, according to several case reports, [5][6][7][8][9][10] increase the risk of acute pancreatitis. Such an association has also been suggested for oral contraceptives.…”

Classical oestrogen receptor is not detectable in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

“…There is a body of evidence to suggest that oestrogens are important in the normal functioning of the pancreas (Grossman et al, 1969;Sandberg & Rosenthal, 1979), and are implicated as a factor in pancreatic disease (Davidoff et al, 1973;Glueck et al, 1972;Greenberger et al, 1966). There is also evidence for the presence of the oestrogen receptor (ER) in normal pancreas and pancreatic cancer (Greenway et al, 1981) and for prolonged survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated with the oestrogen antagonist agent tamoxifen (Theve et al, 1983;Tonnensen & KampJensen, 1986).…”