“…Indeed, the loss of estrous cycling in middle-age has been associated with the onset of spatial memory decline studies in female rats (Markowska, 1999) and mice (Frick, Burlingame, Arters & Berger-Sweeney, 2000). Accordingly, chronic estrogen treatment administered prior to training can improve various types of learning and memory in middleaged (Daniel, Hulst & Berbling, 2006;Foster, Sharrow, Kumar & Masse, 2003;Markham, Pych & Juraska, 2002) and aged (Frick, Fernandez & Bulinski, 2002;Gibbs, 2000;Heikkinen et al, 2002;Markowska & Savonenko, 2002;Vaucher, Reymond, Najaffe, Kar, Quirion, Miller & Franklin, 2002) female rodents.…”