“…In an attempt to investigate HFpEF, several animal models have been used including the bilateral oophorectomy (OVX) in rats, which provides a valuable model of hypertrophy and HF and allows the investigation of the role of estrogen-induced cardioprotection [ 30 ]. Comorbidities associated with female aging were evaluated in the OVX model which was also been linked to high blood pressure [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], volume overload [ 40 , 41 ], metabolic syndrome [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] and stress [ 25 , 50 , 51 ].…”