Estrogen and gastrointestinal malignancy

Hogan, Aisling; Collins, Danielle; Baird, Alan W.; Winter, Desmond C.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.03.016

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Additionally, the incidence rate of GC is ~2 times higher in males compared with females, independently of known gender-specific variables (3). Therefore, it has been proposed that steroid hormone production influences the risk of developing GC (4,5). Furthermore, numerous studies have suggested a protective role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in gastric carcinogenesis (6–12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, steroid hormone receptors and their coregulators in gastric cancer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Epidemiological and experimental findings suggest that the development of gastric cancer (GC) is regulated by steroid hormones. In postmenopausal women and older men, the majority of steroid hormones are produced locally in peripheral tissue through the enzymatic conversion of steroid precursors. Therefore, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the mRNA expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes, including steroid sulfatase (STS), hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 betaand steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 and aromatase (CYP19A1), was investigated in primary tumoral and adjacent healthy gastric mucosa from 60 patients with GC. Furthermore, the mRNA levels for estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β (ESR2) and androgen receptor (AR), along with their coregulators, including proline, glutamate and leucine rich protein 1, CREB binding protein, nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1), nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1), were investigated. Additionally, the association between the mRNA expression of these genes and the clinicopathological features of patients with GC was examined. Significantly decreased levels of STS, HSD3B1, ESR2, AR, NCOA1 and NCOR1 mRNA, in addition to significantly increased levels of CYP19A1 mRNA were demonstrated in tumoral tissue samples compared with adjacent healthy gastric tissue samples. Deregulated expression of these genes in the analyzed tissue samples was associated with certain clinicopathological features of GC, such as age and localization of the tumor. The results of the current study suggest that all of the genes analyzed are expressed in tumoral and adjacent healthy gastric mucosa. In addition, the results indicate that abnormal expression of STS, ESR2, AR, NCOA1 and NCOR1 may serve a role in the development and progression of GC, and may be associated with specific clinicopathological features in patients with GC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, steroid hormone receptors and their coregulators in gastric cancer

et al. 2017

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“…Sex steroids, such as estrogen, are well-known for their role(s) in the control of cell differentiation and proliferation in estrogen-dependent tissues such as breast and endometrial tissues. However, it is noteworthy that estrogens appear to play a pivotal role in several types of human malignancies that are not considered as classical, estrogen-dependent, neoplasms, such as lung (6,7), urinary bladder (8) and gastrointestinal tract malignancies (9,10). Consequently, estrogenic pathways may be involved in the regulation of the biological behavior of ESCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of estrogen receptor α and β in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2013

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Estrogen receptors (ERs) are frequently expressed in human tumor tissues. There have been several studies concerning ER expression in esophageal cancers, yet the results are inconsistent, and the prognostic value of the receptors remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ER protein and its correlation with clinical features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Immunohistochemical staining for the ERs was carried out on paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissue sections from 89 patients with ESCC. Quantitative analyses were performed to determine the prognostic value of the expression of ERs, and Pearson's correlation was used to examine the relationship between ERα and ERβ expression levels. Our results showed that ERα immunoreactivity was significantly lower in ESCC than that in the non-neoplastic epithelium (P=0.0445), whereas the ERβ status was much stronger in ESCC than that in the non-neoplastic epithelium (P=0.0243). A significant inverse correlation was observed between ERα expression and depth of tumor invasion (P=0.0426). Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant inverse correlation between the expression of ERα and ERβ in ESCC (r=-0.2902, P=0.0058). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with ERα expression (21/89) had a better outcome than patients without ERα expression (P=0.0280), whereas patients with high ERβ immunoreactivity (44/89) were significantly associated with worse survival (P=0.0366). In conclusion, ERα and ERβ levels were inversely correlated, and the downregulation of ERα and upregulation of ERβ may indicate unfavorable prognosis of ESCC.

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“…It is remarkable because the TFF1 gene is one of the most well known estrogen inducible genes (Horiguchi et al, 1996). However, the mechanism behind a potential role of the estrogen in the etiology of gastric cancer is unclear (Hogan et al, 2009). It was proposed that one of the pathways for estrogen influence on the stomach might be the induction of the TFF1 gene expression (Chandanos and Lagergren, 2008) like the one in the breast (Roberts et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%