Estimations of Population Density for Selected Periods Between the Neolithic and AD 1800

Zimmermann, Andreas; Hilpert, Johanna; Wendt, Karl Peter

doi:10.3378/027.081.0313

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Estimates of population densities in the early Neolithic suggest that they were low, 0.6 per square kilometer. 42 Such low population densities would have helped to promote founder effects such as those seen for the more prominent L11-related, S116 (Figure 1j) and U106 (Figure 1i) components and their respective sub-haplogroups. This is shown in part as the inversely related decreasing expansion times of S116-related haplogroups with increased distance from high-diversity areas coincident with the establishment of the early Danubian Neolithic LBK horizon in Europe (Figure 2a and b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

Myres¹,

et al. 2010

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The phylogenetic relationships of numerous branches within the core Y-chromosome haplogroup R-M207 support a West Asian origin of haplogroup R1b, its initial differentiation there followed by a rapid spread of one of its sub-clades carrying the M269 mutation to Europe. Here, we present phylogeographically resolved data for 2043 M269-derived Y-chromosomes from 118 West Asian and European populations assessed for the M412 SNP that largely separates the majority of Central and West European R1b lineages from those observed in Eastern Europe, the Circum-Uralic region, the Near East, the Caucasus and Pakistan. Within the M412 dichotomy, the major S116 sub-clade shows a frequency peak in the upper Danube basin and Paris area with declining frequency toward Italy, Iberia, Southern France and British Isles. Although this frequency pattern closely approximates the spread of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK), Neolithic culture, an advent leading to a number of pre-historic cultural developments during the past r10 thousand years, more complex pre-Neolithic scenarios remain possible for the L23(xM412) components in Southeast Europe and elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

Myres¹,

et al. 2010

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“…Their study highlighted that genetic changes in the population correlate well with population mobility, increase/ decrease of endogamy in the kinship structure, and changes in the economy, i.e., beginning of plant cultivation. Population density and distribution in archeology has been inferred also through summed probability distribution of radiocarbon dates (e.g., Crema et al 2016, Shennan and Edinborough 2007, Bamforth and Grund 2012, and references therein), through settlement pattern and distribution (Zimmermann et al 2009), or habitable areas (see Gautney and Holliday 2015, and references therein). Some of the most recent results of this approach seem to indicate that demography had a crucial role in shaping the phase of incipient food-production in Europe (Shennan et al 2013), although a different perspective is also emerging, that compares the demographic growth of HG to that of AP (Zahid et al 2016).…”

Section: Parameter 3: Social Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of small-scale societies’ livelihoods: a framework for studying the transition from food gathering to food production

Lancelotti¹,

Zurro²,

Whitehouse³

et al. 2016

E&S

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. 2016. Resilience of small-scale societies' livelihoods: a framework for studying the transition from food gathering to food production. Ecology and Society 21 (4) ABSTRACT. The origins of agriculture and the shift from hunting and gathering to committed agriculture is regarded as one of the major transitions in human history. Archeologists and anthropologists have invested significant efforts in explaining the origins of agriculture. A period of gathering intensification and experimentation and pursuing a mixed economic strategy seems the most plausible explanation for the transition to agriculture and provides an approach to study a process in which several nonlinear processes may have played a role. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition to full agriculture are not completely clear. This is partly due to the nature of the archeological record, which registers a practice only once it has become clearly established. Thus, points of transitions have limited visibility and the mechanisms involved in the process are difficult to untangle. The complexity of such transitions also implies that shifts can be distinctively different in particular environments and under varying historical and social conditions. In this paper we discuss some of the elements involved in the transition to food production within the framework of resilience theory. We propose a theoretical conceptual model in which the resilience of livelihood strategies lies at the intersection of three spheres: the environmental, economical, and social domains. Transitions occur when the rate of change, in one or more of these domains, is so elevated or its magnitude so large that the livelihood system is unable to bounce back to its original state. In this situation, the system moves to an alternative stable state, from one livelihood strategy to another.

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“…As pointed out by Pinhasi and Pluciennik (2004), the basic contention of this model was that the demographic and biological profile of farming populations differed from that of hunter-gatherers. To obtain a reliable estimate of demographic parameters (Zimmermann et al 2009) on the basis of archeological data (although see Chamberlain 2009), however, can be difficult. Estimating settlement patterns in terms of site size, density, and estimated length of occupation etc., on the basis of surveys, test excavations, and published reports, is fraught with difficulties and biases (e.g., see Webb and Frankel 2004 regarding Bronze Age Cyprus).…”

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A Craniometric Perspective on the Transition to Agriculture in Europe

Pinhasi

Cramon‐Taubadel

2012

Human Biology

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Debates surrounding the nature of the Neolithic demographic transition in Europe have historically centered on two opposing models: a "demic" diffusion model whereby incoming farmers from the Near East and Anatolia effectively replaced or completely assimilated indigenous Mesolithic foraging communities, and an "indigenist" model resting on the assumption that ideas relating to agriculture and animal domestication diffused from the Near East but with little or no gene flow. The extreme versions of these dichotomous models were heavily contested primarily on the basis of archeological and modern genetic data. However, in recent years a growing acceptance has arisen of the likelihood that both processes were ongoing throughout the Neolithic transition and that a more complex, regional approach is required to fully understand the change from a foraging to a primarily agricultural mode of subsistence in Europe. Craniometric data were particularly useful for testing these more complex scenarios, as they can reliably be employed as a proxy for the genetic relationships among Mesolithic and Neolithic populations. In contrast, modern genetic data assume that modern European populations accurately reflect the genetic structure of Europe at the time of the Neolithic transition, while ancient DNA data are still not geographically or temporally detailed enough to test continent-wide processes. Here, with particular emphasis on the role of craniometric analyses, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the cultural and biological nature of the Neolithic transition in Europe. Abstract Debates surrounding the nature of the Neolithic demographic transition in Europe have historically centered on two opposing models: a "demic" diffusion model whereby incoming farmers from the Near East and Anatolia effectively replaced or completely assimilated indigenous Mesolithic foraging communities, and an "indigenist" model resting on the assumption that ideas relating to agriculture and animal domestication diffused from the Near East but with little or no gene flow. The extreme versions of these dichotomous models were heavily contested primarily on the basis of archeological and modern genetic data. However, in recent years a growing acceptance has arisen of the likelihood that both processes were ongoing throughout the Neolithic transition and that a more complex, regional approach is required to fully understand the change from a foraging to a primarily agricultural mode of subsistence in Europe. Craniometric data were particularly useful for testing these more complex scenarios, as they can reliably be employed as a proxy for the genetic relationships among Mesolithic and Neolithic populations. In contrast, modern genetic data assume that modern European populations accurately reflect the genetic structure of Europe at the time of the Neolithic transition, while ancient DNA data are still not geographically or temporally detailed enough to test continent-wide processes. Here, with particular emphasis on the role of ...

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Estimations of Population Density for Selected Periods Between the Neolithic and AD 1800

Cited by 75 publications

References 16 publications

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

Resilience of small-scale societies’ livelihoods: a framework for studying the transition from food gathering to food production

A Craniometric Perspective on the Transition to Agriculture in Europe

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Estimations of Population Density for Selected Periods Between the Neolithic and AD 1800

Cited by 75 publications

References 16 publications

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

Resilience of small-scale societies&#8217; livelihoods: a framework for studying the transition from food gathering to food production

A Craniometric Perspective on the Transition to Agriculture in Europe

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Resilience of small-scale societies’ livelihoods: a framework for studying the transition from food gathering to food production