Estimation of the rate of gaseous mass transfer from a surface source plot to the atmosphere

Wilson, John D.; Thurtell, G. W.; Kidd, G. E.; Beauchamp, E. G.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(82)90374-2

Cited by 156 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This method essentially involved the measurement of windspeed and ammonia concentration profiles above the applied manure. A diffusion model was then applied using these data in a manner described by Wilson et al (1981). (Miner et al 1975) it was assumed that these compounds occurred in insignificant quantities'…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Volatilization From Liquid Dairy Cattle Manure in the Field

Beauchamp¹,

Kidd²,

Thurtell³

1982

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

144

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Volatilization From Liquid Dairy Cattle Manure in the Field

Beauchamp¹,

Kidd²,

Thurtell³

1982

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

144

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“…The authors point out that emerging NH 3 volatilisation flux measurements at the field (> 1 ha) scale over the last 5-10 yr generally indicate much lower (∼ factor 2) NH 3 losses, typically below 30 % of slurry NH x content, than did many mediumsized plot measurements carried out in the early 1990s (typically 50-80 % losses), with serious implications for local and regional scale NH 3 budgets. A recent re-assessment by Neftel et al (2013) of EF measurements made in Switzerland in the early 1990s, using the z inst (simplified IHF) method (Wilson et al, 1982), hinted that these early EF values may have been significantly overestimated due to a combination of at least three factors, all leading to a systematic overestimation: over-speeding of the cup anemometers near the ground, cross-interference of plots located at distances of 70 m, and inadequate values of the z inst scaling factor. Such careful reanalyses of historical EF datasets from other countries might provide clues for the apparent discrepancies, or inconsistencies, reported in Sintermann et al (2012).…”

Section: Soil Emissions After Fertilizer and Manure Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange

et al. 2013

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Atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) dominates global emissions of total reactive nitrogen (N_r), while emissions from agricultural production systems contribute about two-thirds of global NH₃ emissions; the remaining third emanates from oceans, natural vegetation, humans, wild animals and biomass burning. On land, NH₃ emitted from the various sources eventually returns to the biosphere by dry deposition to sink areas, predominantly semi-natural vegetation, and by wet and dry deposition as ammonium (NH₄⁺) to all surfaces. However, the land/atmosphere exchange of gaseous NH₃ is in fact bi-directional over unfertilized as well as fertilized ecosystems, with periods and areas of emission and deposition alternating in time (diurnal, seasonal) and space (patchwork landscapes). The exchange is controlled by a range of environmental factors, including meteorology, surface layer turbulence, thermodynamics, air and surface heterogeneous-phase chemistry, canopy geometry, plant development stage, leaf age, organic matter decomposition, soil microbial turnover, and, in agricultural systems, by fertilizer application rate, fertilizer type, soil type, crop type, and agricultural management practices. We review the range of processes controlling NH₃ emission and uptake in the different parts of the soil-canopy-atmosphere continuum, with NH₃ emission potentials defined at the substrate and leaf levels by different [NH₄⁺] / [H⁺] ratios (Γ). Surface/atmosphere exchange models for NH₃ are necessary to compute the temporal and spatial patterns of emissions and deposition at the soil, plant, field, landscape, regional and global scales, in order to assess the multiple environmental impacts of airborne and deposited NH₃ and NH₄⁺. Models of soil/vegetation/atmosphere NH₃ exchange are reviewed from the substrate and leaf scales to the global scale. They range from simple steady-state, "big leaf" canopy resistance models, to dynamic, multi-layer, multi-process, multi-chemical species schemes. Their level of complexity depends on their purpose, the spatial scale at which they are applied, the current level of parameterization, and the availability of the input data they require. State-of-the-art solutions for determining the emission/sink Γ potentials through the soil/canopy system include coupled, interactive chemical transport models (CTM) and soil/ecosystem modelling at the regional scale. However, it remains a matter for debate to what extent realistic options for future regional and global models should be based on process-based mechanistic versus empirical and regression-type models. Further discussion is needed on the extent and timescale by which new approaches can be used, such as integration with ecosystem models and satellite observations

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“…They are often run with long-term average weather data, thus providing concentrations suitable for determining average exposure doses. Yates (9) combined a soil root zone solute model with a trajectory simulation atmospheric transport model (10) to estimate off-site concentrations of an agricultural pesticide. A comparable approach can be taken with turf pesticides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Health Risk to Golfers from Turfgrass Pesticides at Three Northeastern U.S. Sites

Murphy

Haith

2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chronic health risks from inhalation of vapors from 15 pesticides were estimated for golfers in Boston, MA, Philadelphia, PA, and Rochester, NY. Two previously tested fate and transport models were used to determine exposures from pesticide inhalation for an adult golfer, and the exposures were in turn used to evaluate health risks from chronic non-carcinogenic effects through calculation of hazard quotients. Hazard quotients for all 15 chemicals were found to be much less one, indicating little risk of noncarcinogenic effects. Carcinogenic health risks for the five pesticides considered to be likely or possible carcinogens were determined to be much less than 10 -6 . Based on these results, long-term health risks to golfers from inhalation of these 15 pesticides appear to be minimal in the Northeastern U.S. Estimated hazard quotients were found to be similar to those calculated from field measurements.

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Estimation of the rate of gaseous mass transfer from a surface source plot to the atmosphere

Cited by 156 publications

References 7 publications

Ammonia Volatilization From Liquid Dairy Cattle Manure in the Field

Ammonia Volatilization From Liquid Dairy Cattle Manure in the Field

Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange

Inhalation Health Risk to Golfers from Turfgrass Pesticides at Three Northeastern U.S. Sites

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