Estimation of the phytosanitary pressure and the environmental impact related to the use of pesticides

Abstract

Vegetable crops are acutely sensitive to pest attacks, disease proliferation, and weed development. To control these pests, farmers resort excessively to various chemical plant protection products. Therefore, this study aims to measure the intensity of pesticide use and estimate the phytosanitary pressure according to the phytosanitary practises of market gardeners in the region of Biskra, in the south-east of Algeria. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 96 randomly selected market gardeners in Biskra during two farming campaigns in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Results show that out of 70 different active substances, eighteen are mostly applied to seven inventoried vegetable species. Insecticides and fungicides are the most widespread. The average values of the calculated treatment frequency index range from 0.80 to 30.45. The phytosanitary pressure index is particularly dangerous for tomatoes, eggplants, and chilli peppers, with values ranging from 4.03 to 4.29 and 8.25, respectively. In conclusion, the surveyed areas were found to be experiencing considerable phytosanitary pressure, which would harm the environment and human health.