Estimation of the optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement for primiparous lactating sows fed diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) level in diets fed to primiparous sows during lactation. A total of 150 (Landrace × Large White) crossbred gilts (weighing 211.1 ± 3.5 kg with a litter size of 11.1 ± 0.2) were fed lactation diets (3325 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg) containing SID Lys levels of 0.76, 0.84, 0.94, 1.04 or 1.14%, through 28 days lactation. Gilts were allocated to treatments based on their body weight and backfat thickness 48 h after farrowing. Gilt body weight loss was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by increasing dietary SID Lys levels. Fitted broken-line (P < 0.05) and quadratic plot (P < 0.05) analysis of body weight loss indicated that the optimal SID Lys for primiparous sows was 0.85 and 1.01%, respectively. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), weaning-to-estrus interval and subsequent conception rate were not affected by dietary SID Lys levels. Increasing dietary lysine had no effect on litter performances. Protein content in milk was increased by dietary SID Lys (P < 0.05). Dietary SID Lys tended to increase concentrations of serum insulin-like growth factor I (P = 0.066). These results of this experiment indicate that the optimal dietary SID Lys for lactating gilts was at least 0.85%, which approaches the recommendation of 0.84% that is estimated by the National Research Council (2012).

Review: Nutrient requirements of the modern high-producing lactating sow, with an emphasis on amino acid requirements

“…Although the estimates seemed to be within the same range for primiparous and multiparous sows, the BW loss has been reported to be considerably greater in primiparous than multiparous sows, at around 12% (Shi et al, 2015) and 7% (Xue et al, 2012;Gourley et al, 2017), respectively. The reduction in sow BW loss is presumably the consequence of a low mobilisation of muscle protein, as evidenced by a reduction in loin eye depth loss during lactation (Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017). Lower concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine as a result of increased Lys intake support a reduction in sow body protein utilisation and muscle catabolism (Xue et al, 2012).…”

“…Lysine requirement estimates are the most frequently studied, as models predict a substantial increase in Lys requirements of lactating sows with large, fast-growing litters ( Table 2). The literature seems to agree on the effect of increasing dietary Lys intake to reduce BW loss and body protein mobilisation, but is conflicting in terms of the influence of dietary Lys intake on litter growth rate and subsequent reproductive performance (Xue et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017). Studies using a range of 0.50 to 0.81 g SID Lys per MJ ME determined that the Lys requirement estimate to minimise sow BW loss in the lactation period is around 0.72 to 0.79 g SID Lys per MJ ME (Xue et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017).…”

“…The literature seems to agree on the effect of increasing dietary Lys intake to reduce BW loss and body protein mobilisation, but is conflicting in terms of the influence of dietary Lys intake on litter growth rate and subsequent reproductive performance (Xue et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017). Studies using a range of 0.50 to 0.81 g SID Lys per MJ ME determined that the Lys requirement estimate to minimise sow BW loss in the lactation period is around 0.72 to 0.79 g SID Lys per MJ ME (Xue et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017). Although the estimates seemed to be within the same range for primiparous and multiparous sows, the BW loss has been reported to be considerably greater in primiparous than multiparous sows, at around 12% (Shi et al, 2015) and 7% (Xue et al, 2012;Gourley et al, 2017), respectively.…”

“…Studies using a range of 0.50 to 0.81 g SID Lys per MJ ME determined that the Lys requirement estimate to minimise sow BW loss in the lactation period is around 0.72 to 0.79 g SID Lys per MJ ME (Xue et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017). Although the estimates seemed to be within the same range for primiparous and multiparous sows, the BW loss has been reported to be considerably greater in primiparous than multiparous sows, at around 12% (Shi et al, 2015) and 7% (Xue et al, 2012;Gourley et al, 2017), respectively. The reduction in sow BW loss is presumably the consequence of a low mobilisation of muscle protein, as evidenced by a reduction in loin eye depth loss during lactation (Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017).…”

“…Lower concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine as a result of increased Lys intake support a reduction in sow body protein utilisation and muscle catabolism (Xue et al, 2012). However, there is no consensus on the effect of dietary Lys on body fat stores (Shi et al, 2015;Gourley et al, 2017). It is proposed that the mobilisation of energy and protein are not completely independent.…”