Estimation of the Leukemia Risk in Human Populations Exposed to Benzene from Tobacco Smoke Using Epidemiological Data

Fiebelkorn, Stacy; Meredith, Clive

doi:10.1111/risa.12956

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Benzene is widely used as a solvent in industrial processes such as production of chemicals and plastics as well as oil processing. Tobacco smoke was also identified as one of the main potential sources of benzene exposure (30,31). Use of tobacco is associated with a small increase in the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia in adults (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Situation and Future Trend of Leukemia Mortality by Sex and Area in China

Tang

Cheng

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Leukemia is one of the most common cancers. We conducted this study to comprehensively analyze the temporal trends of leukemia mortality during 2003–2017 and project the trends until 2030. We extracted national-level data on annual leukemia mortality from China Health Statistics Yearbooks (2003–2017). We applied the Joinpoint regression model to assess leukemia mortality trends in urban and rural China by sex during 2003–2017. We also produced sex-specific leukemia mortality using the adjusted Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2016 projection model. In urban areas, age-standardized leukemia mortality decreased significantly among females during 2003–2017 (APC = −0.9%; 95% CI: −1.7, −0.1%). In rural areas, significant decreases of age-standardized leukemia mortality were both found among males (APC = −1.7%; 95% CI: −2.9, −0.5%) and females (APC = −1.6%; 95% CI: −2.6, −0.7%) from 2008 to 2017. Rural-urban and sex disparities of leukemia mortality will continue to exist until the year 2030. According to projection, the leukemia mortality rates of males and rural populations are higher than that of females and urban populations. In 2030, leukemia mortality is projected to decrease to 3.03/100,000 and 3.33/100,000 among the males in urban and rural areas, respectively. In females, leukemia mortality will decrease to 1.87/100,000 and 2.26/100,000 among urban and rural areas, respectively. Our study suggests that more precautionary measures to reduce leukemia mortality are need, and more attention should be paid to rural residents and males in primary prevention of leukemia in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Situation and Future Trend of Leukemia Mortality by Sex and Area in China

Tang

Cheng

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Workers exposed to benzene have shown higher leukaemia incidence. 5 , 6 Higher rates of leukaemia have also been observed among Japanese atomic bomb survivors and Ukrainian Chernobyl clean-up workers. 7 , 8 Studies of agricultural workers and pesticide applicators have also shown elevated risks among certain subpopulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of leukaemias with long-term ambient air pollution exposures in the adult Danish population

et al. 2020

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Background Few population-based epidemiological studies of adults have examined the relationship between air pollution and leukaemias. Methods Using Danish National Cancer Registry data and Danish DEHM-UBM-AirGIS system-modelled air pollution exposures, we examined whether particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) averaged over 1, 5 or 10 years were associated with adult leukaemia in general or by subtype. In all, 14,986 adult cases diagnosed 1989–2014 and 51,624 age, sex and time-matched controls were included. Separate conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, assessed exposure to each pollutant with leukaemias. Results Fully adjusted models showed a higher risk of leukaemia with higher 1-, 5- and 10-year-average exposures to PM2.5 prior to diagnosis (e.g. OR per 10 µg/m3 for 10-year average: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32), and a positive relationship with 1-year average BC. Results were driven by participants 70 years and older (OR per 10 µg/m3 for 10-year average: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.15–1.58). Null findings for younger participants. Higher 1-year average PM2.5 exposures were associated with higher risks for acute myeloid and chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia. Conclusion Among older adults, higher risk for leukaemia was associated with higher residential PM2.5 concentrations averaged over 1, 5 and 10 years prior to diagnosis.

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“…Concerning the relationship of the smoking habit and benzene health effects, several authors have found that it is an important source of environmental benzene contamination, and it is directly related to some adverse health outcomes. 60 , 61 In this review, most studies predicted that smoking was a confounding factor and therefore adjusted their analysis to have more reliable results. For instance, some of the reviewed papers found that the smoking habit correlates with worse health outcomes and suggested that future research should take into account this factor while studying occupational exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of genetic polymorphisms on benzene‐exposed workers: A systematic review

Ramírez‐Lopera

Uribe‐Castro

Bautista-Amorocho

et al. 2021

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims Benzene is a group I carcinogen, which has been associated with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Moreover, it has been proposed that polymorphisms in benzene metabolizing genes influence the outcomes of benzene exposure in the human body. This systematic review aims to elucidate the existent relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the risk of developing adverse health effects in benzene‐exposed workers. Methods Three databases were systematically searched until April 2020. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses method was used to select articles published between 2005 and 2020. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated by the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. Results After full‐text evaluation, 36 articles remained out of 645 initially screened. The most studied health effects within the reviewed papers were chronic benzene poisoning, hematotoxicity, altered urinary biomarkers of exposure, micronucleus/chromosomal aberrations, and gene methylation. Furthermore, some polymorphisms on NQO1 , GSTT1 , GSTM1 , MPO , and CYP2E1 , among other genes, showed a statistically significant relationship with an increased risk of developing at least one of these effects on benzene‐exposed workers. However, there was no consensus among the reviewed papers on which specific polymorphisms were the ones associated with the adverse health‐related outcomes, except for the NQO1 rs1800566 and the GSTT1 null genotypes. Additionally, the smoking habit was identified as a confounder, demonstrating worse health outcomes in exposed workers that smoked. Conclusion Though there is a positive relationship between genetic polymorphisms and detrimental health outcomes for benzene‐exposed workers, broader benzene‐exposed cohorts that take into account the genetic diversity of the population are needed in order to determine which specific polymorphisms incur in health risks.

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Estimation of the Leukemia Risk in Human Populations Exposed to Benzene from Tobacco Smoke Using Epidemiological Data

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

The Current Situation and Future Trend of Leukemia Mortality by Sex and Area in China

The Current Situation and Future Trend of Leukemia Mortality by Sex and Area in China

Relationship of leukaemias with long-term ambient air pollution exposures in the adult Danish population

The effects of genetic polymorphisms on benzene‐exposed workers: A systematic review

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