Estimation of the Hourly Global Solar Irradiation on the Tilted and Oriented Plane of Photovoltaic Solar Panels Applied to Greenhouse Production

Abstract

Agrometeorological stations have horizontal solar irradiation data available, but the design and simulation of photovoltaic (PV) systems require data about the solar panel (inclined and/or oriented). Greenhouses for agricultural production, outside the large protected production areas, are usually off-grid; thus, the solar irradiation variable on the panel plane is critical for an optimal PV design. Modeling of solar radiation components (beam, diffuse, and ground-reflected) is carried out by calculating the extraterrestrial solar radiation, solar height, angle of incidence, and diffuse solar radiation. In this study, the modeling was done using Simulink-MATLAB blocks to facilitate its application, using the day of the year, the time of day, and the hourly horizontal global solar irradiation as input variables. The rest of the parameters (i.e., inclination, orientation, solar constant, albedo, latitude, and longitude) were fixed in each block. The results obtained using anisotropic models of diffuse solar irradiation of the sky in the region of Castile and León (Spain) showed improvements over the results obtained with isotropic models. This work enables the precise estimation of solar irradiation on a solar panel flexibly, for particular places, and with the best models for each of the components of solar radiation.

Effect of Solar Farms on Soil Erosion in Hilly Environments: A Modeling Study from the Perspective of Hydrological Connectivity

“…The components of the solar irradiance incident on an inclined photovoltaic panel (PV) are: beam radiation coming directly from the sun, diffuse radiation from the entire hemisphere, and groundreflected radiation. As reported in the literature, each of these components of solar irradiance incident on a photovoltaic panel is determined by calculating solar incidence angle (i), solar elevation angle (h c ) (Diez et al, 2021;Passias and Källbäck, 1984), solar declination (δ), and hour angle (ω). Aspectcontrolled radiation has been recognized as a vital driver responsible for the co-evolution of vegetation, soil, and landscape (Kumari et al, 2020;Yetemen et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2013), which is also considered in this study, in order to avoid additional biases.…”

“…The total available solar radiation on an inclined PV is the sum of beam radiation, diffuse radiation, and ground-reflected radiation (Diez et al, 2021).…”

Photovoltaics and Electrification in Agriculture

“…In greenhouse cultivation, fixed-plane surfaces are available with a certain orientation. The estimation of radiation on such plane, depending on the location, must be carefully analyzed to determine the impact and viability on the crop and on the photovoltaic production itself, something that has been considered in the work of Díez et al [5], applying new methodology, including anisotropic models of the sky. The model is able to calculate the incidence angle of the radiation at any time besides the irradiation of a considered placement, with increased accuracy.…”

Gis-Aided Geographical and Meteorological Data Overview of Solar Radiation Mapping for Malaysia – An Explanatory Study Based on Solar Radiation Prediction Modeling Using Neural Network Approach

“…Where 𝑡 is refers to the current time. Solar zenith angle is defined as the angle between vertical line pin-pointed at the earth's surface and the line of sight from the point to the sun [33] and can be formulated as equation (5).…”