Estimation of the health and economic burden of human brucellosis in India

Singh, B. B.; Khatkar, Mehar S.; Aulakh, Rabinder Singh; Gill, James S.; Dhand, Navneet K.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.03.023

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although few B. melitensis isolates were from Russia, they are genetically similar to Chinese strains [42], and these strains had high homogeneity [43]. India harbours the largest ruminant populations and there are high seroprevalence estimates of brucellosis in livestock and humans [44]. Importantly, the absence of a clear differentiation according to territorial affiliation between these regions indicates the frequent penetration of the B. melitensis strains from one country to another [43], and active trade based on the ancient Silk Road, Tea Horse Road and Trans-Eurasia exchange among these nearby regions could have promoted this process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella melitensis , a latent “travel bacterium,” continual spread and expansion from Northern to Southern China and its relationship to worldwide lineages

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis is considered to be one of the most important zoonotic diseases in China. In this study, Conventional bio-typing, MLVA (multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis), and WGS (whole-genome sequencing)-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) were used to study the genetic similarity of B. melitensis in northern and southern China and analyze its relationship with worldwide lineages. Currently, the distribution of species/biovars of B. melitensis has obviously changed, and B. melitensis has become the dominant species in southern regions of China. Strains from the southern had a common geographic origin with strains from the northern. Many MLVA-16 events were shared in the genotypes of the southern and northern strains, suggest that genotypic movement occurred from north to south. Based on WGS-SNP analysis, strains from different provinces were closely related and may have descended from one common ancestor, suggests that the southern strains originated from northern China. These data indicate that B. melitensis is a latent "travel bacterium" that spread and expanded from North China to South China. Moreover, B. melitensis strains from China are also genetically related to strains from other Asian regions (Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, and India). The movement of infected sheep and their products requires control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella melitensis , a latent “travel bacterium,” continual spread and expansion from Northern to Southern China and its relationship to worldwide lineages

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…Damage caused by the disease in individuals' quality of life is intangible and the economic losses attributed to the infection in humans are associated to the costs of hospital treatment, drugs and absence from work due to disabling feature of the disease in its severe form [6]. These damages are more intense in groups frequently exposed to microorganisms of the genus Brucella: the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), a metric that quantifies the burden of mortality and morbidity caused by a disease, were found to be 0.13 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.06-0.18] per thousand persons per year in non-occupational adult and 0.29 [95% UI; 0.08-0.70] per thousand persons per year in occupational population (farmers, abattoir workers and veterinarians) for human brucellosis in India [10], in which one DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to Brucella spp.: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of remarkable importance worldwide. The focus of this systematic review was to investigate occupational brucellosis and to identify the main infection risks for each group exposed to the pathogen. Seven databases were used to identify papers related to occupational brucellosis: CABI, Cochrane, Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. The search resulted in 6123 studies, of which 63 were selected using the quality assessment tools guided from National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Case Report Guidelines (CARE). Five different job-related groups were considered greatly exposed to the disease: rural workers, abattoir workers, veterinarians and veterinary assistants, laboratory workers and hunters. The main risk factors and exposure sources involved in the occupational infection observed from the analysis of the articles were direct contact with animal fluids, failure to comply with the use of personal protective equipment, accidental exposure to live attenuated anti-brucellosis vaccines and non-compliance with biosafety standards. Brucella species frequently isolated from job-related infection were Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis and Brucella canis. In addition, a metaanalysis was performed using the case-control studies and demonstrated that animal breeders, laboratory workers and abattoir workers have 3.47 [95% confidence interval (CI); 1.47-8.19] times more chance to become infected with Brucella spp. than others individuals that have no contact with the possible sources of infection. This systematic review improved the understanding of the epidemiology of brucellosis as an occupational disease. Rural workers, abattoir workers, veterinarians, laboratory workers and hunters were the groups more exposed to occupational Brucella spp. infection. Moreover, it was observed that the lack of knowledge about brucellosis among frequently exposed professionals, in addition to some behaviors, such as negligence in the use of individual and collective protective measures, increases the probability of infection.

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“…This infection has an extremely emerging and significant reemerging potentials in numerous countries. In addition, it is the major cause of direct financial losses due to the major hindrance for international trade of milk, meat, and their products (3,4). The transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated milk or meat and from mothers to breastfed babies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of milk ring test for identifying brucella antibodies in cows and buffaloes' raw milk at Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq

Almashhadany¹

2019

IJVS

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This study was undertaken to monitor Brucella antibodies in the milk of cows and buffaloes in Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, using mik ring test (MRT) assay. A total of 210 samples of milk (130 from cows and 80 from buffaloes) were randomly collected from lactating females. The overall prevalence of Brucella antibodies in all the milk samples was 8.6% (18/210). The highest rate was 9.2% found in the cow milk (12/130), while the lowest rate was 7.5% of the buffalo's milk (6/80). Out of 210 milk samples, only 15 (7.1%) were culture-positive for Brucella; about 7.7% (10/130) and 6.3% (5/80) from cows and buffaloes respectively. In terms of comparison between MRT and standard milk culture method, MRT was found more sensitive (83%), specific (98%), with the accuracy of 97% in comparison to the employed culture approach to detect Brucellosis agents in milk. The results also revealed that 70% and 60% of isolates were Brucella abortus, while 30% and 40% were Brucella melitensis from the milk of cow and buffaloes respectively. The highest rate of frequency for Brucella antibodies according to MRT was found in February (12.1%), while the lowest rate was found in June (5.7%). This study emphasizes that Brucellosis is still a significant public health hazard in the Kurdistan region. The study recommends MRT adoption in routine monitoring of brucellosis in milk collection centre, dairy factories, and farm. Consumers are also recommended to sufficiently heat the milk to destroy this foodborne pathogen before consumption or industrial processing.

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Estimation of the health and economic burden of human brucellosis in India

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Brucella melitensis , a latent “travel bacterium,” continual spread and expansion from Northern to Southern China and its relationship to worldwide lineages

Brucella melitensis , a latent “travel bacterium,” continual spread and expansion from Northern to Southern China and its relationship to worldwide lineages

Occupational exposure to Brucella spp.: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The significance of milk ring test for identifying brucella antibodies in cows and buffaloes' raw milk at Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq

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