Membrane separation processes and novel separation science are not immature yet visionary avenues of science. Scientific endeavor in nano-filtration and nanomembranes needs to be readdressed and reenvisioned at each step of human research pursuit. This chapter provides mainly comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art polymeric nano-membranes. The main experimental results were carried out by academician Oleg Figovsky and his researchers in IRC Polymate (Israel). Membrane technology is a rapidly growing field having a large economic and ecological consequences and importance. As we all know, track membranes are more effective [1]. Nowadays, nanomembranes constitute an interesting topic in the wider field of nanotechnologies. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art polymeric nanomembranes. The solution diffusion mechanism of polymeric nanomembranes and the factors contributing to the transport of polymeric nanomembranes are discussed. Mixed-matrix membranes that focus on the development of innovative membranes, comprising of polymer matrix, have become one of the emerging technologies; the concept of these mixed-matrix nanomembranes is discussed. Nanoblends of the polymeric membranes are evaluated with the nano-phase removed for controlled porosity. Nanomembranes are defined as freestanding structures with a thickness in the range of 1-100 nm and an extremely large aspect ratio of at least a few orders of magnitude. To illustrate