Estimation of the distributed temperature of a SI engine catalyst for light-off strategy

Bresch‐Pietri, Delphine; Leroy, Thomas; Petit, Nicolas

doi:10.23919/ecc.2013.6669254

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The scheme of second-order discretization is used. The heater element (EHC) is set to 400 °C [20]. It is discovered through pressure distribution.…”

Section: Analysis Of the New Proposed Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in the Metal Mesh Used to Enhance the Heat Transfer Performance of the Catalytic Converter and to Reduce Emission

Prabhahar

Prakash

Kumar

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Heating the catalysts chemically at a cold start is indeed an approach to achieving catalytic performance. The purpose of this effort is to reduce cold flow emissions to background levels during regular engine operation. To address this issue, a thermal model was created, and a temperature study of various configurations was performed utilizing the computational dynamics method. This was followed by a regression model to confirm the results of the experiment. The article discusses how using a computational fluid dynamic to simulate the transient temperature profile of a chemically heated catalytic converter (CHCC) in exhaust may aid in the development of a much more powerful and energy-efficient catalytic converter. In this research, nanoparticles have been used as a heat transfer enhancement agent to improve the thermal conductivity of the exhaust gases. This work has been proposed to calculate the flow behaviour and heat transfer of nanoparticles in the proposed catalytic converter. The nanomaterial composite, created by incorporating copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO2) on the surfaces of metal mesh, is used in the catalytic converter. The analytical technique has previously demonstrated its use in better predicting and comprehending the dynamic behaviour of a tightly linked catalyst and its thermally light-off period. The converter was evaluated in this study together with the SI (spark ignition) engine, and the data collected has been verified using analysis of regression. It is seen that in the converter with nanocopper oxide configuration, 50% carbon monoxide (CO) conversion efficiency is possible when the temperature of the main converter reaches 250°C and the CO is initially 2.7% Vol, and after reaching light off, it is 1.95% Vol. The time it takes to reach 250°C is 48 seconds after a cold start. In the case of hydrocarbons (HC), 50% HC conversion is reached during the test period of 168 seconds after the cold start. The HC is 605 ppm initially, and after light off, it is 130 ppm. The time taken to reach the HC light-off temperature is 300°C, with nanocopper oxide reaching this temperature in 168 seconds.

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“…The scheme of second-order discretization is used. The heater element (EHC) is set to 400 °C [20]. It is discovered through pressure distribution.…”

Section: Analysis Of the New Proposed Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in the Metal Mesh Used to Enhance the Heat Transfer Performance of the Catalytic Converter and to Reduce Emission

Prabhahar

Prakash

Kumar

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…The delayed temperature increase of the SCR outlet temperature observed in Figure 3 can be represented by an axial temperature distribution. 16 Different control oriented modeling approaches have been used to simulate the delayed temperature increase including a delayed input thermal mass model 16 or using partial differential equations (PDE). 16,17 Since the dynamic programing (DP) method is used for optimal planning of EVO in this work, the PDE thermal model is preferred.…”

Section: Aft Reduced Order Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Different control oriented modeling approaches have been used to simulate the delayed temperature increase including a delayed input thermal mass model 16 or using partial differential equations (PDE). 16,17 Since the dynamic programing (DP) method is used for optimal planning of EVO in this work, the PDE thermal model is preferred. Ignoring temperature dynamics for the gas trapped inside a control volume (i.e.…”

Section: Aft Reduced Order Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust valve phasing controllers for cold start NO_x emissions reduction in heavy duty diesel engines

Salehi

Middleton

2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this paper, early exhaust valve opening (EVO) is applied to a diesel engine for fast warm up of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system with the ultimate goal of tailpipe NOx emissions reduction. By advancing EVO from top dead center, the exhaust gas temperature increases and the exhaust flow reduces, influencing the enthalpy available to warm up the SCR, and the engine-out NOx emissions increase or decrease depending on the engine’s operating conditions. Therefore, proper management of EVO is required to ensure that (1) engine-out NOx emissions do not increase when the SCR catalyst is cold; (2) heat transfer to the SCR increases and it warms up faster than the baseline operation (without EVO phasing); and (3) fuel consumption increase is minimal. A novel model predictive controller (MPC) is proposed for this application, assuming a limited preview of the drive cycle is available. For the MPC, an optimization objective function is applied such that a sequential warm up strategy can be implemented for the aftertreatment system catalysts. Using this technique, the prediction horizon for effective thermal management of the slow SCR system is reduced. In addition, a rule-based logic is offered as an alternative to the predictive controller to calculate the EVO trajectory with less computational power. Observations based on optimization problems solved by dynamic programing (DP) were used to develop the rule-based controller. Both the rule-based logic and model-based MPC are tested with a detailed high fidelity one-dimensional model in a model-in-the-loop simulator. Results indicate the potential of an EVO phasing system with the proposed controllers to reduce tailpipe NOx by 10% and 25% for the world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC) and federal test procedure (FTP), respectively. The rule-based controller has been found to be sensitive to the test drive cycle while the model based MPC shows a consistent performance, that is, independent of the test trajectory.

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“…This result is obtained by designing a semi-lumped approximation of the underlying PDE equations. For sake of conciseness, these design elements are not presented here but the interested reader is referred to previous works detailing them [8,9].…”

Section: Context and Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, as these performances are obtained for very demanding external conditions, one can reasonably expect similar behavior on different kinds of driving conditions. Use of this model for light-off strategies are discussed in [9].…”

Section: Validation Of the Reduced Model (6)-(11) Using Experimental mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Integral Equations for Modeling Systems with a Transport Delay

Bresch‐Pietri

Petit

2016

Recent Results on Time-Delay Systems

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In this chapter, we present a particular class of transport delay systems (e.g. systems involving transportation of material), in which the delay is defined through an implicit integral equation. To illustrate the practical interest of this class, experimental use of such models is presented for two different examples of physical systems, both from the field of automotive gasoline engines (specifically, exhaust gas recirculation and exhaust catalyst thermal dynamics). We also discuss related control challenges, together with some solutions.

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Estimation of the distributed temperature of a SI engine catalyst for light-off strategy

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

[Retracted] Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in the Metal Mesh Used to Enhance the Heat Transfer Performance of the Catalytic Converter and to Reduce Emission

[Retracted] Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in the Metal Mesh Used to Enhance the Heat Transfer Performance of the Catalytic Converter and to Reduce Emission

Exhaust valve phasing controllers for cold start NO_x emissions reduction in heavy duty diesel engines

Implicit Integral Equations for Modeling Systems with a Transport Delay

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Estimation of the distributed temperature of a SI engine catalyst for light-off strategy

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

[Retracted] Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in the Metal Mesh Used to Enhance the Heat Transfer Performance of the Catalytic Converter and to Reduce Emission

[Retracted] Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in the Metal Mesh Used to Enhance the Heat Transfer Performance of the Catalytic Converter and to Reduce Emission

Exhaust valve phasing controllers for cold start NOx emissions reduction in heavy duty diesel engines

Implicit Integral Equations for Modeling Systems with a Transport Delay

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Exhaust valve phasing controllers for cold start NO_x emissions reduction in heavy duty diesel engines