Estimation of the age of injuries by histochemical and biochemical methods

Raekallio, J

doi:10.1007/bf01882331

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For these reasons, histological evaluation as the sole tool to determine the age of open wounds should be applied with care. The studies of Raekallio [62][63][64] on the healing of open wounds in adult humans and lab animals characterize different functional areas in the wound: a ''central zone'' extending from the wound edge up to 500-mm deep into the tissue is characterized mainly by necrotic changes. Surrounding this, there is a 100-to 200-mm-wide ''peripheral zone'' with the cellular infiltration of the healing process.…”

Section: Lacerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

2016

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Veterinary pathologists commonly encounter lesions of blunt trauma. The development of lesions is affected by the object's mass, velocity, size, shape, and angle of impact and by the plasticity and mobility of the impacted organ. Scrape, impact, and pattern abrasions cause localized epidermal loss and sometimes broken hairs and implanted foreign material. Contusions are best identified after reflecting the skin, and must be differentiated from coagulopathies and livor mortis. Lacerations-traumatic tissue tears-may have irregular margins, bridging by more resilient tissue, deviation of the wound tail, crushed hairs, and unilateral abrasion. Hanging or choking can cause circumferential cervical abrasions, contusions and rupture of hairs, hyoid bone fractures, and congestion of the head. Other special forms of blunt trauma include fractured nails, pressure sores, and dog bites. Ocular blunt trauma causes extraocular and intraocular hemorrhages, proptosis, or retinal detachment. The thoracic viscera are relatively protected from blunt trauma but may develop hemorrhages in intercostal muscles, rib fractures, pulmonary or cardiac contusions or lacerations with subsequent hemothorax, pneumothorax, or cardiac arrhythmia. The abdominal wall is resilient and moveable, yet the liver and spleen are susceptible to traumatic laceration or rupture. Whereas extravasation of blood can occur after death, evidence of vital injury includes leukocyte infiltration, erythrophagocytosis, hemosiderin, reparative lesions of fibroblast proliferation, myocyte regeneration in muscle, and callus formation in bone. Understanding these processes aids in the diagnosis of blunt force trauma including estimation of the age of resulting injuries.

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Section: Lacerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

2016

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“…LD, which catalyzes the reversible reaction between pyruvate and lactate, was chosen to reflect the anaerobic phase of healing, and SD, which oxidates fumarate to succinate in the citric acid cycle, was chosen to determine the aerobic metabolic capacity of the grafts. AFOS and ATPase were chosen to represent hydrolytic enzymes because their activity has been connected with reparative biosynthesis and cell proliferation in wound healing [2,7], and because in a previous study on changes in hydrolytic enzyme activity in aortic vein grafts in rats, they showed the most intense staining [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An established way to study metabolic changes in tissues is histochemistry on oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes. These methods have previously been used in studies on wound healing v. Remes [6] and in forensic medicine [7]. To evaluate the extent and duration of tissue damage and location of regenerative processes in veins used as arterial grafts, sequential changes in oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme activity in aortic vein grafts in rats have been studied earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme histochemical studies on veno-venous grafts in rats

Remes

1989

Res. Exp. Med.

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To study the extent, duration, and localization of metabolic changes in vein-to-vein grafts in rats, the sequential changes in enzymatic activity of veno-venous grafts in rats were evaluated by histochemical demonstration of the activity of two oxidoreductases (lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase) and two hydrolytic enzymes (adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase). All the enzymes studies showed a decrease in staining 1 day after transplantation, the change being most pronounced for AFOS in the subendothelial layer. The recovery of staining intensity was noted after 3 days, the enzyme activity reaching the pregrafting level at 1 week. Different from the previous observations on vein-to-artery grafts, these vein-to-vein grafts showed less depression of enzyme activity during the first days after transplantation, neither did they display a continuing strong activity later on, probably due to lack of a thickening intimal layer.

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“…More data may cast light on the magnitude of the effect of these variables, but as Raekallio [4 ] suggests, as much independent data as possible must be accumulated on a particular vital wound before a reliable estimation of wound age is to be determined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate enzyme and carbohydrate histochemical changes following incised wounding in the hair-loss mouse.…”

Section: DC Hancock Et Ahmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raekallio [4] reviewed the literature to date concerning wound age estimation. Various histochemical findings were presented along with results of biochemical experimentation showing a sharp rise in histamine and serotonin during the first few minutes following vital wounding in guinea pigs.…”

Section: DC Hancock Et Ahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical studies of wound healing in the hair-loss mouse

1978

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Summary. Adult female hair-loss (hl) mice (Mus musculus) were given incised wounds through the full thickness of the dorsal skin. At specified intervals thereafter (i. e., 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 20 hours), the animals were sacrificed and the wound sites were excised, processed, and sectioned: Enzyme and carbohydrate histochemical procedures were carried out on frozen and paraffin sections respectively. Nonspecific esterase was demonstrated in one hour wounds and a slight increase was observed through six hours. No other enzyme histochernical procedure gave a satisfactory reaction in the wound site. The Periodic Acid-Schiff reaction for carbohydrates revealed a steadily increasing reaction from one to six hours and a decrease in intensity by twelve hours. The causative agent for the PAS reaction may be serum glycoproteins transported to the wound site as part of the inflammatory process.

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Estimation of the age of injuries by histochemical and biochemical methods

Cited by 39 publications

References 48 publications

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Enzyme histochemical studies on veno-venous grafts in rats

Histochemical studies of wound healing in the hair-loss mouse

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