Estimation of Surface Radiation and Energy Flux Densities from Single-Level Weather Data

Rooy, Wim C. de; Holtslag, A.A.M.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0526:eosrae>2.0.co;2

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Therefore, one may expect that the roughness length ( z 0 ) in the model boundary conditions is incorrect. WRF uses a z 0 = 0.07 m which seems reasonable for the mesoscale contributions at Cabauw [ de Rooy and Holtslag , 1999]. Representing a local roughness by using z 0 = 0.03 m [ Verkaik and Holtslag , 2007], still results in an overestimation of u * .…”

Section: Model Results For the Windy Period (Case I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Confronting the WRF and RAMS mesoscale models with innovative observations in the Netherlands: Evaluating the boundary layer heat budget

Steeneveld¹,

Tolk²,

Moene³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and the Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Model System (RAMS) are frequently used for (regional) weather, climate and air quality studies. This paper covers an evaluation of these models for a windy and calm episode against Cabauw tower observations (Netherlands), with a special focus on the representation of the physical processes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). In addition, area averaged sensible heat flux observations by scintillometry are utilized which enables evaluation of grid scale model fluxes and flux observations at the same horizontal scale. Also, novel ABL height observations by ceilometry and of the near surface longwave radiation divergence are utilized. It appears that WRF in its basic set-up shows satisfactory model results for nearly all atmospheric near surface variables compared to field observations, while RAMS needed refining of its ABL scheme. An important inconsistency was found regarding the ABL daytime heat budget: Both model versions are only able to correctly forecast the ABL thermodynamic structure when the modeled surface sensible heat flux is much larger than both the eddy-covariance and scintillometer observations indicate. In order to clarify this discrepancy, model results for each term of the heat budget equation is evaluated against field observations. Sensitivity studies and evaluation of radiative tendencies and entrainment reveal that possible errors in these variables cannot explain the overestimation of the sensible heat flux within the current model infrastructure.

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Section: Model Results For the Windy Period (Case I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Confronting the WRF and RAMS mesoscale models with innovative observations in the Netherlands: Evaluating the boundary layer heat budget

Steeneveld¹,

Tolk²,

Moene³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration is based on a constant canopy resistance ( r c = 70 s m −1 ), independent of weather conditions. This may not be totally correct under high atmospheric vapor pressure deficits (>20 mbar) [e.g., Stewart , 1988; de Rooy and Holtslag , 1999]. Even if the soil moisture conditions are ideal, stomata close if cell moisture depletion is triggered with consequent reduction in evapotranspiration.…”

Section: Study Area and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite surveillance of evaporative depletion across the Indus Basin

Bastiaanssen

Ahmad²,

Chemin

2002

Water Resources Research

162

113

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[1] The irrigated Indus Basin in Pakistan has insufficient water resources to supply all its stakeholders. Information on evaporative depletion across the Basin is an important requirement if the water resources are to be managed efficiently. This paper presents the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method used to compute actual evapotranspiration for large areas based on public domain National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite data. Computational procedures for retrieving actual evapotranspiration from satellites have been developed over the last 20 years. The current work is among the first applications used to estimate actual evapotranspiration on an annual scale across a vast river basin system with a minimum of ground data. Only sunshine duration and wind speed are required as input data for the remote sensing flux algorithm. The results were validated in the Indus Basin by comparing results from a field-scale transient moisture flow model, in situ Bowen ratio measurements, and residual water balance analyses for an area of 3 million ha. The accuracy of assessing time-integrated actual annual evapotranspiration varied from 0% to 10% on a field scale to 5% at the regional level. Spatiotemporal information on actual evapotranspiration helps to evaluate water distribution and water use between large irrigation project areas. Wide variations in evaporative depletion between project areas and crop types were found. Satellite-based measurements can provide such information and avoid the need to rely on field databases.

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“…On one hand, the current precision level of the infrared radiometer is lower than 0.5C, while the technology of air temperature observations is mature and has relatively high accuracy. On the other hand, the estimated T 0 meets the simulation needs [17], having an RMSE of 4.9-12.9 W/m 2 . Moreover, the lack of a nocturnal correction may be more acceptable in urban areas [10].…”

Section: Narp Schemementioning

confidence: 87%

Modeling the radiation balance of different urban underlying surfaces

Cui

Liu

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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An urban net all-wave radiation parameterization scheme is evaluated using annual datasets for 2010 recorded at a Beijing urban observation site. The statistical relationship between observed data and simulation data of net radiation has a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and model efficiency of 0.93. Therefore, it can be used to simulate the radiation balance of Beijing. This study analyzes the variation in the radiation balance for different underlying surfaces. To simulate radiation balance differences, we set four pure land-cover types (forest, grass, roads, and buildings). Keeping all other conditions inputted unchanged, we model the radiation balance by changing the land-cover type. The results show that the effects of different underlying surfaces on radiation differ, and that there is much upward long-wave radiation, accounting for 84.3% of the total radiation energy falling incident on the land surface. The annual averages of net radiation for the four land-cover types are in the range of 38.2-53.4 W/m 2 . The net radiation of the grass surface is minimal while that of the roads surface is maximal. Additionally, with urbanization the net radiation values of common types of land-cover change, such as conversion from forest to roads, grass to roads, and grass to buildings, all have increasing trends, indicating that net radiation usually increases with urban sprawl. Land surfaces interact with the atmosphere through the exchange of water, energy and momentum. Any changes in energy flux between the land and atmosphere will affect the atmospheric thermal conditions and atmospheric circulation. The underlying surfaces (land use/land cover classes) greatly affect the climate according to their physical properties, such as the surface albedo, roughness, and emissivity [1]. The components of the radiation balance, the net radiation in particular, are main components of the land surface energy budget and are important physical and ecological parameters in the land-atmosphere energy exchange and redistribution [2]. The relationship between the type of urban underlying surface and the radiation energy budget is a core issue of urban climate. The effect of the urban land surface energy flux on local climate has been verified in many studies [3]. Therefore, systematic analysis of the urban radiation balance of various underlying surfaces is a basis and prerequisite for urban energy balance studies, and it is also important in understanding change processes of urban energy for different underlying surfaces and local climate caused by urban sprawl [4].The basic characteristic of urban landscape is the spatial heterogeneity of its land surfaces, and differences in landscape composition lead to the nonuniformity of energy transmission and distribution. Urban land surface is a complex physical interface. As surface characteristics change, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of underlying surfaces can substantially change. All these disturbance factors will result in city-specific climatic characteristics. Most previo...

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Estimation of Surface Radiation and Energy Flux Densities from Single-Level Weather Data

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Confronting the WRF and RAMS mesoscale models with innovative observations in the Netherlands: Evaluating the boundary layer heat budget

Confronting the WRF and RAMS mesoscale models with innovative observations in the Netherlands: Evaluating the boundary layer heat budget

Satellite surveillance of evaporative depletion across the Indus Basin

Modeling the radiation balance of different urban underlying surfaces

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