Estimation of storability for Korean apples (Malus domestica) using Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 DNA marker

Abstract

Apple (Malus domestica) is a climacteric fruit because of its high respiration and ethylene production. Ethylene affects the fruit by decreasing its quality and storability. Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 genes are involved in ethylene biosynthesis in apple; the Md-ACS1-2 and Md-ACO1-1 alleles are associated with low ethylene production. We conducted an analysis to study Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1, and to examine ethylene production and softening rate of fruit at room temperature (20℃) storage in 'Fuji (FJ)', 'Golden Supreme (GS)', and 5 cultivars of Korean apples ('RubyS (RS)', 'Hongro (HR)', 'Arisoo (AS)', 'Summer King (SK)', 'Greenball (GB)'). The result showed that an increase in the number of the alleles (ACS1-2, ACO1-1) decreased the ethylene production and softening rate. The presence of ACS1-1/1, ACO1-1/2 was confirmed in GS and the highest ethylene production and softening rate was observed. Ethylene production and softening rate of SK and GB expressing ACS1-1/2, ACO1-1/2 were higher than that of HR and AS, expressing ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/2, but lower than GS. FJ with ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/1 showed the lowest ethylene production and softening rate among all cultivars except RS. The Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 DNA markers could potentially be used to estimate storability and applied in marker assisted selection the improve the efficiency of apple breeding.

Evaluation of apple varieties of the Sverdlovsk horticultural breeding station according to the ethylene biosynthesis genes using molecular markers

“…Два аллеля также были выявлены у локуса Md-ACO. Мутация сайта в третьем интроне является причиной низкого уровня экспрессии гена у аллеля Md-ACO1-1 [15,17,18,19].…”

“…Аналогичная картина наблюдалась и при исследовании местных корейских сортов [20]. Однако у значительной части зарубежных сортов и ряда современных отечественных доля аллеля Md-ACS1-2 увеличивается, что подтверждает ряд работ [3,4,6,14,15,18,19,21,22]. В целом аллели, ассоциированные со сниженным уровнем биосинтеза этилена, характерны как для сортов с низкой, так и для сортов с высокой степенью лежкости.…”

Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatments on Fruit Quality Attributes and Cell Wall Metabolism in Cold Stored ‘Summer Prince’ and ‘Summer King’ Apples

“…사과는 대표적인 호흡급등형 과실로서 저장기간동안 호흡 급등과 함께 에틸렌 발생량이 증가하게 되고 (Johnston et al, 2001;Kwon et al, 2017), 이는 저장성과 상품성을 저하시키는 원인이 된다 (Yang et al, 2013;Park et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2018;Win et al, 2019;Yoo et al, 2019). 그동안 저장중 과실의 연화현상을 억제하기 위하여 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)를 적용하여 왔고, 그 결과 사과 과실의 에틸렌 생성과 호흡률 감소, 경도와 산 함량 유지, 노화와 관련된 저장장해의 발생 경감 등 우수한 효과를 나타내고 있다 (Fan et al, 1999a(Fan et al, , 1999bDeEll et al, 2007;Watkins, 2007;.…”